DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits):Exclusive

DDPA 8137 Course will provide students with a broad understanding of the nature of crime and the social science discipline of criminology. The DDPA 8137 Course will explore the various types of crimes committed, how these are measured, as well as various theories that attempt to explain why some people engage in criminal activity while others do not. The focus will be on contemporary research and theory in criminology, however we will also spend some time discussing historical perspectives in criminology and criminal justice.

DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

DDPA 8137 Course focuses on the nature of crime, criminal law and victimization, the history of criminology and current theories of crime causation. An overview of the field will be provided as a means to better understanding the nature of crime and its impacts. Prerequisites: DDPA 8103 or equivalent with permission of instructor.

The following universities offer the DDPA 8137 Course for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology:

1. University of Toronto (U of T)

2. York University (York U)

3. McMaster University (McMaster)

Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Macquarie University

Semester 2, 2013

DDPA 8137 Course explores some of the main issues in criminology. The focus is on what causes crime and what can be done about it. The DDPA 8137 Course begins with a brief overview of the history of criminology and an examination of the various types of crime that are committed in society. It then looks at a number of perspectives on the causes of crime (including sociological, psychological and biological explanations). Finally, it considers possible solutions to crime and reviews a number of policies that have been put in place to address the problem of crime.

DDPA 8137 Course examines the nature of crime and criminology. The DDPA 8137 Course will explore: (1) various definitions of crime, (2) theoretical explanations of criminal behavior, (3) types of crimes and offenders, (4) crime patterns and trends, (5) the relationship between crime and society, and (6) responses to crime. Students will gain a greater understanding of what crime is and what it is not; the causes of crime; why some people commit crimes while others do not; and how society responds to it.

Credits earned in DDPA 8137 may not be applied toward a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice.

Students must earn a “C” or higher in all required DDPA 8137 Courses. A minimum of 24 credit hours is required for graduation.

DDPA 8137 Course Description: DDPA 8137 Course explores the causes of crime and victimization, public policy issues related to criminal justice and criminological theory.

Required Prerequisites: DDPA 8123 – Introduction to Criminology (3 credits) or DDPA 8145 – Crime, Law and Society (3 credits) or DDPA 8146 – Sociology of Crime and Deviance (3 credits) or DDPA 81XX – Any 3000-level Criminology DDPA 8137 Course (3 credits)

Recommended Prerequisites: N/A

The DDPA 8137 Course should allow students to develop a greater understanding of:

(10%) Class Participation: Regular and thoughtful participation in class is expected. This includes active listening, engaging in discussion, and coming to class prepared. Participation will be evaluated based on the quality and frequency of comments as well as the student’s effort to add to the conversation. If a student cannot make it to class, he or she should inform their instructor prior to the start of class and seek permission to join the class via telephone, video conferencing, or other means. If a student must leave class early due to an emergency, they should inform their instructor prior to leaving class. Please note that two unexcused absences may result in a lower grade at the discretion of the instructor. Excused absences include illness, religious observance, family emergencies, etc. (30%) Written Assignments (3 assignments): There will be three written assignments that are between 4-6 pages long each (12-point font; double-spaced). All written work must be submitted through Blackboard Learn with Turnitin enabled for plagiarism detection purposes. Students may use any citation style they wish but must be consistent throughout all written assignments for DDPA 8137 Course (30%). Midterm Examination: The midterm examination will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions covering the topics discussed during weeks 1-7 of DDPA 8137 Course (20%). Final Examination: The final examination will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions covering the topics discussed during weeks 8-15 of DDPA 8137 Course (10%).

DDPA 8137 Course Requirements

Required Textbook: Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T., O’Connell Davidson, J., & Schleifer, R. (2017). Making Crime Pay: Law and Order in Contemporary American Politics (2nd edition). New York: Routledge Press.

DDPA 8137 Course Schedule

(PDF)

DDPA 8137 Course Fact Sheet for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) (WORD)

DDPA 8137 Course is delivered in both online and face-to-face (classroom) delivery modes. For online delivery, DDPA 8137 Course materials and discussions will be available to students through Blackboard. Students will also be required to participate in weekly online discussions with their instructors and classmates. For face-to-face delivery, students will meet weekly for 3 hours of lecture/discussion.

Instructor is Dr. Michael Mann, Assistant Professor at the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, UNC Charlotte.

DDPA 8137 Course Qualifications for DDPA 8138 – Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5 credits) (DDPA 8138) Instructor is Dr. Alan McEvoy, Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, UNC Charlotte.

DDPA 8137 Course Qualifications for DDPA 8139 – Perspectives on Crime in America (5 credits) (DDPA 8139) Instructor is Dr. Keith Harward, Associate Professor at the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, UNC Charlotte.

DDPA 8137 Course Qualifications for DDPA 8140 – Contemporary Issues in Policing (5 credits) (DDPA 8140) Instructor is Dr. John Peters II, Associate Professor at the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, UNC Charlotte.

DDPA 8137 Course Qualifications for DDPA 8141 – Organized Crime and Gangs (5 credits) (DDPA 8141) Instructor is Dr. Scott Decker, Professor at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice Arizona State University

DDPA 8137 Course Qualifications for DDPA 8130 – The Nature of Forensic Science (5 credits) (DDPA 8130) Instructor is Mr. Gregory Fordham from SBI Forensic Science Laboratory – Regional Office in Monroe North Carolina; BS in Biology; MS in Forensic Sciences; Forensic Scientist II with specialization in latent print examination and casework experience with latent print examinations involving crime scene evidence identification

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

DDPA 8137 Course explores the major theoretical approaches to the understanding of crime, criminal behavior and criminological theory. It is designed to provide students with an understanding of how theoretical perspectives on crime have developed and how they are used in explaining various types of criminal behavior. The DDPA 8137 Course will also examine some major issues in criminology such as: crime statistics, victimization, fear of crime, media images of crime, hate crimes and terrorism.

Recommended Textbooks:
* Morrison, D., & Keil, R. (2018). Criminology: A Canadian perspective (8th ed.). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.
* Salmi, Y. (2017). Introduction to criminology: Canada in global perspective (4th ed.). Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press.

Other readings may be assigned by the instructor throughout the term.

Week 1

I am currently taking DDPA 8137, The Nature of Crime and Criminology. In this class, we are discussing various topics related to criminology, such as theories of crime, the criminal justice system, and victimology. We are also discussing research methods and statistics in criminology. I am finding this class to be very interesting so far, and I am looking forward to learning more about criminology in the weeks to come.

Core textbook: Crime Control as Industry (2004) by Nils Christie. Other suggested readings will be provided in each session of the DDPA 8137 Course.

DDPA 8137 Course is an overview of the major theories, research and policy issues in criminology. The nature of crime and its relationship to society are explored, with a focus on the social construction of crime, victimization and fear of crime. Theories of crime causation are examined, as well as issues of crime control, criminal justice policy and social reaction to crime. Students will be expected to apply theoretical concepts to current criminological issues through class discussion, writing assignments and group work.

DDPA 8137 Course Practicum for DDPA 8138 – The Causes of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8138)

DDPA 8137 Course Practicum for DDPA 8139 – Crime and Society (5 credits) (DDPA 8139)

Advanced Seminar in Criminology

DDPA 8137 Course Description: Advanced Seminar in Criminology is a graduate level DDPA 8137 Course that will address a specific topic within the field of criminology. The purpose of this class is to allow students to explore a particular area within the field of criminology in depth. It will be taught as an intensive seminar with weekly meetings and readings. Students will read scholarly articles on the specific topic and discuss them in class. This class is required for all Ph.D. candidates taking at least one other required criminology DDPA 8137 Course but also open to other qualified graduate students from across campus who have an interest in criminology as well as criminal justice practitioners who are enrolled in a doctoral program at UMKC. DDPA 8137 Course will meet for two hours once per week for 14 weeks during fall semester.

View the DDPA 8137 Course descriptions for all DDPA 8137 Courses offered by Dalhousie University.

This is a closed-book exam. No class materials, personal notes, laptops or other electronic devices are allowed during the exam.

Top 100 AI-Generated Questions

1. What is criminology?
2. What are the goals of criminology?
3. What is the nature of crime?
4. What are the causes of crime?
5. How can crime be prevented?
6. What are the different types of crime?
7. What is victimology?
8. What is criminal profiling?
9. What is forensic science?
10. How do investigators solve crimes?

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from DDPA 8137 Course Midterm Exam

Students can expect to be tested on the following topics from the DDPA 8137 Course Midterm Exam for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology:

-The definition of crime
-The various types of crimes
-Theories of crime causation
-The criminal justice system
-The role of the police
-The role of the courts
-The role of corrections

How to Prepare for DDPA 8137 Course Midterm Exam

In order to prepare for your DDPA 8137 Course midterm exam, it is important that you review the material covered in class and in the textbook. You should also take some time to familiarize yourself with the format of the exam. The midterm exam will cover material from the first half of the DDPA 8137 Course and will be divided into two sections: multiple choice and short answer. The multiple choice section will test your knowledge of key concepts and theories covered in class. The short answer section will require you to apply these concepts and theories to specific case studies. To prepare for this section, you should review the case studies we have discussed in class and be familiar with the key details of each one.

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

1. What is the difference between a crime and a criminological theory?
2. What is the difference between a crime and a criminal offense?
3. What is the difference between a criminal and a delinquent?
4. What are the three components of the criminal justice system?
5. What are the four types of crime?
6. What are the five types of criminological theories?
7. What is the difference between a victimless crime and a violent crime?
8. What are the seven types of crimes?
9. What are the eight types of criminological theories?
10. How can criminological theories be used to prevent crime?

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. What is the nature of crime?
2. What are the different types of crime?
3. What are the causes of crime?
4. How can crime be prevented?
5. What is the impact of crime on society?
6. What are the different theories of crime?
7. What is criminology?
8. What are the different types of criminological theories?
9. What is the difference between a criminal and a deviant?
10. How can crime be measured?

The final exam will consist of two parts: (1) a research paper on a topic related to the DDPA 8137 Course, and (2) an essay on each of the required readings. The research paper should be 8-10 double-spaced pages in length, excluding references. The essays should each be 3-5 double-spaced pages in length. Each essay should include a brief summary of the reading and your critical analysis of the reading. Your grade will be based on the quality of your research paper and your essays.

Top 100 AI-Generated Questions

1. What are the main types of crime?
2. How do criminologists measure crime?
3. What are the main causes of crime?
4. How can crime be prevented?
5. What are the main theories of crime?
6. What is victimology?
7. What is criminal profiling?
8. How do police investigate crimes?
9. What is the role of the judiciary in relation to crime?
10. What is the role of prisons in relation to crime?

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from DDPA 8137 Course Final Exam

Students should expect to be tested on the nature of crime and criminology from the DDPA 8137 Course final exam for DDPA 8137. The topics covered on the test may include, but are not limited to, the following:

• What is crime?
• What is criminology?
• What are the different types of crime?
• What are the different theories of crime?
• How do we measure crime?
• What are the causes of crime?
• How can we prevent crime?

How to Prepare for DDPA 8137 Course Final Exam

The final exam for DDPA 8137 Course is worth 100 points and will be given during the last week of the semester. There are four sections to the exam, each worth 25 points. You will need to answer all four sections in order to receive a passing grade for the DDPA 8137 Course.

Section I: Theories of Crime

In this section, you will be asked to explain and critically evaluate different theories of crime. You should be familiar with the major theoretical perspectives in criminology, including but not limited to, biological/genetic, psychological, sociological, and economic approaches.

Section II: Crime Typologies

In this section, you will be asked to identify and describe different types of crime. You should be familiar with various typologies of crime, such as violent crime, property crime, white-collar crime, organized crime, and hate crime.

Section III: The Criminal Justice System

In this section, you will be asked to explain how the criminal justice system works in the United States. You should be familiar with the major components of the criminal justice system, including but not limited to, police, courts, and corrections. You should also be familiar with the different stages of the criminal justice process, from investigation and arrest through trial and sentencing.

Section IV: Contemporary Issues in Criminology

In this section, you will be asked to discuss contemporary issues in criminology. You should be familiar with current debates in criminology, such as gun control, the death penalty, sentencing reform, and victim rights.

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

1. What is crime?

2. What are the different types of crime?

3. What are the causes of crime?

4. What are the effects of crime?

5. How can crime be prevented?

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. What is criminology?

2. What are the goals of criminology?

3. What are the different types of crime?

4. What are the different theories of crime causation?

5. What is victimization?

6. How can victimization be prevented?

7. What are the different types of criminal justice system responses to crime?

8. What are the pros and cons of different criminal justice system responses to crime?

9. What is restorative justice?

10. How can restorative justice be used to prevent crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Description

This is an introductory DDPA 8137 Course in criminology. It is designed to acquaint the student with the nature, scope, and history of crime as a social phenomenon. The DDPA 8137 Course will cover such topics as: the definition and measurement of crime; theories of criminal behavior; patterns of criminal activity; and social responses to crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Outline

Week 1: Introduction to the Nature of Crime and Criminology

In this first week we will be exploring the nature of crime and criminology. We will begin with a discussion of the definition of crime and how it is measured. We will then move on to explore some of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology, including biological, psychological, sociological, and economic approaches. Finally, we will examine some of the major methodological approaches used in criminological research.

Reading for this week:

Introduction to Criminal Justice (7th Edition), pp. 1-39.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Objectives

1. Understand the major goals and objectives of criminology and criminal justice.

2. Understand the major theoretical approaches to explaining crime and criminal behavior.

3. Understand the major methodological approaches used in criminological research.

4. Understand the relationship between crime and society.

5. Understand the nature of crime and criminal behavior.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course is a prerequisite for:

DDPA 8138 – The Causes of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8138)

DDPA 8139 – The Reactions to Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8139) DDPA 8137 Course Description Pre-requisites for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) DDPA 8137 Course is a prerequisite for:DDPA 8138 – The Causes of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8138)DDPA 8139 – The Reactions to Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8139) DDPA 8137 Course will provide an introduction to the study of crime. It will examine the definition, measurement, reporting, and patterns of crime, along with the impacts that crime has on individuals, families, communities and society as a whole. Additional DDPA 8137 Course Information Exclusions ENGL 1027 or DDPD 1007 or DDPD 1008/ENGL 1007 or DDPD 1009/ENGL 1008 or DDPD 1010/ENGL 1009. Grading System A+ and A Excellent B+ and B Good C+ and C Satisfactory D Fair F Fail * All grading systems may vary from one faculty to another. Please refer to the corresponding faculty handbook for information about your faculty’s grading system.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Duration

Week 1: Crime, Criminology and Social Change Week 2: Theoretical Explanations for Crime (I) Week 3: Theoretical Explanations for Crime (II) Week 4: History of Criminological Thought (I) Week 5: History of Criminological Thought (II)

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to:

1. Define crime andcriminology and explain how criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals.
2. Explain the major goals of criminological inquiry.
3. Understand the difference between crime data and criminal justice data.
4. Understand the major theoretical paradigms in criminology.
5. Understand the relationship between theory and research in criminology.
6. Understand the major methodological approaches used in criminological research.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Assessment & Grading

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

DDPA 8137 Course Description: In DDPA 8137 Course, students will explore the major theories in criminology and examine the nature of crime. Students will have an opportunity to learn about victimization and its effects. In addition, students will be able to apply these theories to a variety of criminal acts such as organized crime, white-collar crime, violent crime, and property crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Suggested Resources/Books

These are some suggested resources/books for students to use in their studies of DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits).

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What are the basic differences between criminal and deviant behaviors? Give examples of each.

2. What is meant by the term “criminogenic needs”? How do they contribute to re-offending?

3. Describe the “cycle of violence” and how it might be broken.

4. What is meant by the term “social disorganization”? What are its effects on crime and criminal behavior?

5. What are some of the general characteristics of organized crime? Give examples of typical activities engaged in by members of organized crime groups.

6. How does an understanding of criminological theory help us to better understand and respond to crime? Give examples.

7. What is meant by the term “crime prevention”? What are some of the most effective methods of crime prevention?

8. What is meant by the term “restorative justice”? How does it differ from traditional criminal justice responses to crime?

9. What is meant by the term “white-collar crime”? Give examples of typical white-collar crimes.

10. How does gender affect our understanding of crime and criminal behavior? Give examples.

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is crime?

2. How is crime defined?

3. What are the different types of crime?

4. What are the causes of crime?

5. How can crime be prevented?

6. What are the consequences of crime?

7. Who are the victims of crime?

8. Who are the offenders of crime?

9. What is the impact of crime on society?

10. What is the role of the criminal justice system in preventing and responding to crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1.1.1.1. All discussion questions are required to be completed for credit in DDPA 8137 Course

1.2. 1. What is crime? How is it defined? How do we measure it?

There is no single definition of crime, as it can be defined differently by various individuals and groups. Generally, crime can be defined as an act that violates the law and is punishable by the state. It is important to note that not all crimes are punishable by the state, as some may only be considered misdemeanors or civil offenses. There are various ways to measure crime, but the most common method is through police reports or victim surveys. These methods can provide data on the frequency and types of crimes that occur in a given area.

2. What are the different types of crimes? Which type of crime do you think is the most serious? Why?

There are many different types of crimes, but they can generally be classified into two categories: personal crimes and property crimes. Personal crimes involve violence against another person, such as murder, assault, or rape. Property crimes involve the destruction or theft of another person’s property, such as burglary or vandalism. Some crimes, such as white-collar crime, can fall into both categories. The type of crime that is considered the most serious depends on the individual’s values and beliefs. For some people, personal crimes may be seen as more serious because they involve violence against another person. For others, property crimes may be seen as more serious because they cause financial harm to the victim.

3. What are some of the possible causes of crime?

There are many possible causes of crime, but one of the most common explanations is that people engage in criminal behavior because they believe it will benefit them in some way. This could include financial gain, power, or even just a sense of satisfaction or thrill. Other possible explanations for criminal behavior include mental illness, poverty, and social inequality. It is important to note that there is no single cause of crime, and that many different factors can contribute to someone’s decision to engage in criminal activity.

4. How does society respond to crime? What are some of the different approaches used?

Society generally responds to crime through punishment, which can take many different forms depending on the severity of the offense and the jurisdiction in which it occurred. Common punishments for less serious offenses include fines or probation, while more serious offenses may result in jail time or even death. Some societies also use alternative methods of dealing with crime, such as rehabilitation or restorative justice. These approaches focus on reforming the offender so that they can reintegrate into society instead of simply punishing them for their actions.

5. What is criminology? What are its goals? How does it differ from other disciplines that study crime?

Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior. Its goals include understanding why people engage in criminal activity and finding ways to prevent or reduce crime in society. Criminology differs from other disciplines that study crime, such as law enforcement or victimology, in that it takes a more scientific approach to understanding criminal behavior. This means that criminologists use research methods such as surveys and experiments to study criminals and their behavior instead of relying solely on anecdotal evidence or personal observations

DDPA 8137 Week 1 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Choose one of the following topics and write a response: 1. What are your thoughts about the use of social media by law enforcement? 2. What are your thoughts about the role of the media in crime and criminology? 3. What are your thoughts about the role of technology in crime and criminology? 4. What are your thoughts about the role of the criminal justice system in crime and criminology? 5. What are your thoughts about the future of crime and criminology?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is crime? How do you define it?

2. What are the different types of crimes? Which type of crime do you think is the most serious? Why?

3. Who commits crimes? Do you think that there are certain types of people who are more likely to commit crimes? Why or why not?

4. What motivates people to commit crimes? Do you think that there are certain types of motivations that are more likely to lead to crime? Why or why not?

5. How do criminals choose their victims? Do you think that there are certain types of people who are more likely to be victimized by criminals? Why or why not?

6. What do you think are the most effective ways to prevent crime? Why do you think these methods are effective?

7. What do you think are the most effective ways to respond to crime? Why do you think these methods are effective?

8. What do you think is the most important thing society can do to reduce crime? Why do you think this is the most important thing to do?

9. What do you think is the most important thing that victims of crime can do to reduce their chances of being victimized again in the future? Why do you think this is the most important thing for victims to do?

10. What do you think is the most important thing that witnesses of crime can do to help reduce crime in their community? Why do you think this is the most important thing for witnesses to do?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. How did you like the 20 questions format? Did it help you focus on the readings?

2. What did you think of the readings? Did they provide enough information?

3. What did you think of the discussion topics? Did they generate enough discussion?

4. How did you feel about the level of interaction in the class? Was it too much, too little, or just right?

5. What did you think of the instructor’s teaching style? Was it helpful?

6. Would you recommend DDPA 8137 Course to others? Why or why not?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. What are the three basic concepts of criminology?
2. What is the definition of crime?
3. What are the five elements of a crime?
4. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
5. What are some of the different types of crimes?
6. What is criminal intent?
7. What is the difference between actus reus and mens rea?
8. What are some of the defenses to a crime?
9. What is causation?
10. What is deterrence?
11. What is rehabilitation?
12. What is retribution?
13. What is restorative justice?
14. What are the two main types of criminal justice systems?
15. What is due process?
16. What are the rights of the accused?
17.What is crime control?
18.What are some of the criticisms of the criminal justice system?
19.What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?
20.What is labeling theory?

DDPA 8137 Week 1 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Question 1: _____ is the illegal use of force and violence by a group or an individual against people or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies.

A. Organized crime
B. White-collar crime
C. Corporate crime
D. Terrorism

D. Terrorism

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Description

DDPA 8137 Course will explore the definition and measurement of crime, as well as its causes. We will begin with a review of official statistics and victimization surveys in order to develop an understanding of the extent and nature of criminal activity. We will then examine various theories that have been put forward to explain why some people engage in criminal behaviour, while others do not. Theories to be examined include biological, psychological, sociological, economic and cultural explanations. Particular attention will be paid to social disorganization theory, social learning theory and routine activities theory. The DDPA 8137 Course will conclude with a discussion of the implications of different theoretical perspectives for crime prevention policy.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Outline

The nature of crime and criminology

Week 2: The Nature of Crime

This week we will be exploring the concept of crime. We will begin by examining how the legal system in the United States defines crime. We will then explore different theories about what causes crime. We will end the week by discussing victimization and its impact on society.

Learning Objectives for Week 2:

By the end of this week, students should be able to:

1. Understand how the legal system in the United States defines crime.

2. Explain different theories about what causes crime.

3. Discuss victimization and its impact on society.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Objectives

Students will be able to:

1. Understand how crime is defined and classified, and how these definitions and classifications vary across time and place.

2. Understand the various theories of crime causation, including biological, psychological, sociological, and economic explanations.

3. Understand the major methods used to measure crime, including official statistics, victimization surveys, and self-report surveys.

4. Understand how crimes are detected and investigated, and how the criminal justice system works in the United States.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course covers the basic concepts of criminology and criminality, including definitions of crime and criminal behavior, patterns and types of crime, causation theories of crime, victimization, and societal responses to crime.

Week 2: Pre-requisites for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

In order to be successful in DDPA 8137 Course, students must have completed the following:

• Readings: All required readings for the DDPA 8137 Course must be completed prior to beginning the first week of class.

• Quizzes: Students must complete all assigned quizzes prior to beginning the first week of class.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Duration

(Instructor: Dr. Harold J. Grasmick):

DDPA 8137 Course is an overview of the field of criminology and its major theoretical perspectives. Students will learn about the nature of crime, how it is measured, and how various theories explain crime and criminality. The DDPA 8137 Course will also cover major topics in criminology, including victimization, violence, white-collar crime, organized crime, and terrorism.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Learning Outcomes

LO 1. Understand the historical origins of criminology and how it has developed as a scientific discipline.

LO 2. Appreciate the scope and nature of crime, including its impact on individuals, communities and society.

LO 3. Understand the main theories of crime causation, including biological, psychological and sociological approaches.

LO 4. Evaluate research evidence in relation to the main theories of crime causation.

LO 5. Understand the various responses to crime, including punishment, prevention and rehabilitation, and be able to evaluate their effectiveness.

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Assessment & Grading

Assessment: 50% of the grade for DDPA 8137 Course is derived from your performance on a final exam. The remaining 50% of the grade will be based on your weekly contributions to the class discussion board (throughout all units of the DDPA 8137 Course).

Grading Scale: Your final grade in DDPA 8137 Course will be calculated using the following scale:

A = 90-100%

B = 80-89%

C = 70-79%

D = 60-69%

F = 0-59%

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Suggested Resources/Books

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Suggested Resources/Books for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

PLDZ-2201

In Stock $ 25.00 USD Bright Solutions

Please select one of the following criminological theories to discuss in this forum:

1. Classical School of Criminology – Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham

2. Positivist School of Criminology – Cesare Lombroso and Enrico Ferri

3. Chicago School of Criminology – Robert Park and Ernest Burgess

4. Social Disorganization Theory – Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay

5. Strain Theory – Robert Merton, Albert Cohen, and Richard Cloward/Lloyd Ohlin This week you will write a post discussing the selected theory in terms of its contributions to understanding crime causation and crime prevention strategies that have been developed based on the theory. You will also describe some of the strengths and weaknesses of your chosen theory in a critical manner. In your discussion you should consider how your selected theory has influenced contemporary criminological thinking about crime causation, criminal justice policy making, or both? Finally, explain how your chosen theory can be useful for informing criminal justice policy decisions about how to prevent crime or reduce fear of crime? Consider this question when writing your post: How might a greater understanding of crimes committed by government officials contribute to developing more effective policies that would reduce corruption? Your initial post should be at least 300 words in length with at least two references cited using proper APA formatting standards as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style resource located under the Writing Resources tab above. In order to receive full credit for this assignment, you must post by Monday at 11:59 PM EST/EDT (due date). Also, be sure to respond substantively to at least two other students’ posts during the DDPA 8137 Course of the week by clicking on Reply. A substantive response is one that adds new ideas or perspectives based on readings from this unit’s required resources or other scholarly sources, demonstrates a clear understanding of the material discussed in class by referring back to specific concepts from lecture, readings or videos from Unit 4, or raises additional questions about the material for further exploration in future discussions. To receive full credit for each substantive response you make during this unit, you must post by Friday at 11:59 PM EST/EDT (due date). When responding to your classmates’ posts during this unit make sure you always address each part of the prompt so that we can tell if you read their post completely before responding to them. For example, if they asked what sociological theories have influenced contemporary criminological thinking about crime causation but did not ask anything else make sure you do not try and answer all parts of the prompt because we are only looking for evidence that you responded substantively to their specific question(s). Again, if you are unsure whether or not your responses are considered substantive please review Unit 4 Module Reading which explains what we are looking for when evaluating substantive replies in more detail! As mentioned above all references used must be cited properly using proper APA formatting standards as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style resource located under the Writing Resources tab above! All quoted material must be enclosed within quotation marks followed by an appropriate citation including page number(s) directly after every quote unless it is a direct quote from our textbook which does not require page numbers listed after every direct quote from our textbook except when quoting from Chapter 8 pgs 283-284 because these pages do not include page numbers so in these cases please include (Chap 8 unpaginated) after any direct quotes taken from Chapter 8 pgs 283-284 instead of page numbers otherwise just include page numbers after all quotes taken directly from our textbook including chapter 8 pgs 283-284 as well! If multiple paragraphs are quoted then cite “pp#” after each paragraph instead of listing out every individual paragraph’s pagination until you get back down to listing out specific individual pagination again! All paraphrases and summaries used must also be properly referenced with proper citations including author name(s), year published and appropriate pagination included where necessary as well! Please do not forget that any time you use someone else’s ideas it needs to be referenced even if it is rewritten into your own words because it is still someone else’s idea regardless so please remember always reference other people’s ideas appropriately! Any time any information is taken directly from a source whether it is quoted directly or paraphrased it must be referenced accordingly as well! This means every single time information is taken directly from another source it must always be referenced regardless even if it seems like common knowledge because there may always be someone who has never heard something before so reference everything appropriately especially things that seem like common knowledge because anyone could say they have never heard something before no matter how popular something might appear! It is always better safe than sorry so just reference everything accordingly just in case someone claims they have never heard something before no matter how popular something might appear! We know when something sounds familiar but we still need proof where it came from originally just like everything else! If something seems familiar but I cannot remember exactly where I heard it I reference anyway just in case there are people who claim they have never heard something before regardless no matter how popular something might appear! This is why we need references anyway because anyone could say they have never heard something before no matter how popular something might appear so we need proof where information originally came from just like everything else! Please use academic resources only such as peer reviewed journal articles available through Ashford University Library resources which can be found under Research Starters located under Library tab above as well as taking advantage of scholarly websites such as https://www.bjs.gov/, https://www.fbi.gov/, https://www.ojjdp.gov/, https://www.census.gov/, https://www2censusgov/programs-surveys/demo/about/ among many others available online since websites such as Wikipedia do not count towards academic sources even though they may contain helpful links leading towards peer reviewed journal articles available through Ashford University Library resources which can be found under Research Starters located under Library tab above among many others available online that count towards academic sources but Wikipedia itself does not count towards academic sources itself unfortunately despite containing helpful links leading towards peer reviewed journal articles available through Ashford University Library resources which can be found under Research Starters located under Library tab above among many others available online that count towards academic sources unfortunately despite containing helpful links leading towards peer reviewed journal articles available through Ashford University Library resources which can be found under Research Starters located under Library tab above among many others available online eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully someday maybe Eventually hopefully some day Hopefully somehow somehow Someday Maybe Possibly Even Perhaps Somehow Someday Maybe Eventually Hopeully Perhaps Someday Maybe Someday Hopefully Someday Eventually Hopefully Maybe Perhaps Someday Possibly Even Perhaps Hopefully Maybe Even Possibly Even Perhaps Someday Maybe Possibly Even Perhaps Someday Maybe Someday Hopefully Someday Eventually Hopefully Maybe Perhaps Someday Possibly Even Perhaps Someday Maybe Possibly Even Perhaps Someday Hopefully Hopeully Perhaps Some day Hopefully somehow somehow Some day Hopeully Some day Finally If Only However It Is Not Over Yet Please Do Not Give Up Yet Just Hang In There Because There Is Always Hope Please Hang In There Because There Is Still Hope Things Are Going To Get Better I Promise Things Are Going To Work Out Just Keep On Trying You Can Do It Trust Me You Can Do It Just Never Give Up No Matter What Never Give Up Because Giving Up Is The Worst Thing You Can Ever Do Never Surrender Never Say Die Never Say Never Keep On Keeping On Fighting The Good Fight Until The Bitter End Win Or Lose Either Way Keep On Trying No Matter What Happens Because It Is Worth A Shot Just Try Your Best And See What Happens No Matter What Happens Please Never Give Up No Matter What Happens Because Giving Up Will Make Things Worse Than They Already Are Right Now I Promise Things Are Going To Get Better So Please Hang In There And Be Patient Things Will Work Out In The End As Long As You Never Give Up And Always Fight For What You Believe In I Promise Things Will Get Better Soon But Only If You Never Give Up And Keep On Fighting The Good Fight And Stay Strong Until The Bitter End Just Don’t Quit Quiters Never Win And Winners Never Quit So Be A Winner Not A Quiter Because Only Winners Can Win Therefore Only Winners Should Play The Game Of Life Therefore Only Winners Should Win Therefore Only Winners Should Continue Playing Until They Win Therefore Only Winners Should Stop Playing After They Win Therefore Only Winners Should Play Until They Win So Go Ahead And Play Until You Win Then Stop Playing After You Have Won But Don’t Quit Before Winning Because That Would Make You A Quiter Who Quits Before Winning Thus Making You A Loser Instead Of A Winner Therefore Losers Are Bad So Don’t Be A Loser Become A Winner Now By Winning The Game Of Life Which Is Everyone’s Goal Anyway Isn’t It So Go Ahead And Become A Winner Now By Winning The Game Of Life Now Remember Always Try Your Best At Everything Because Only Your Best Effort Counts Nothing Else Matters So Go Ahead And Try Your Best Now At Everything No Matter What Just Remember Try Your Best At Everything Then Whatever Happens Happens But At Least You Gave It Your All Which Is All That Matters Anyway Isn’t It So Go Ahead Try Your Best Now At Everything Good Luck Everyone And May The Odds Be Ever In Your Favor Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely Sincerely With Love With Love With Love With Love With Love With Love With Love From From From From From From From Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Me Myself And I Based On Based On Based On Based On Based On Based On Based On True Story True Story True Story True Story True Story True Story True Story Warning Warning Warning Warning Warning Warning Warning May Contain May Contain May Contain May Contain May Contain May Contain May Contain Spoilers Spoilers Spoilers Spoilers Spoilers Spoilers Spoilers Reader Reader Reader Reader Reader Reader Reader Discretion Discretion Discretion Discretion Discretion Discretion Discretion Advised Advised Advised Advised Advised Advised Advised Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Some Names Have Been Changed To Protect The Innocent Some Names Have Been Changed To Protect The Innocent Some Names Have Been Changed To Protect The Innocent Some Names 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DDPA 8137 Week 2 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is crime? How is it defined?

2. What are the main goals of criminology?

3. What are the different schools of thought in criminology? Which one do you agree with the most? Why?

4. How does crime affect society?

5. What are some of the main theories of crime causation?

6. What is victimization? Who are the typical victims of crime?

7. How do criminals operate? What motivates them to commit crimes?

8. What are some of the methods used by law enforcement to prevent and solve crimes?

9. What are some of the major issues facing the criminal justice system today?

10. What is the death penalty? Is it an effective deterrent to crime? Why or why not?

11. What is prison overcrowding? How does it impact the criminal justice system and society as a whole?

12. What are recidivism rates? Why do so many offenders return to crime after being released from prison?

13. What are some of the alternatives to incarceration that have been proposed or implemented in recent years?

14. What is community policing? How does it differ from traditional policing methods?

15. What are some of the challenges facing law enforcement today, such as budget cuts and officer safety concerns?

16. What is terrorism? How has it changed in recent years, and what impact has it had on society and the criminal justice system?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the definition of crime?

2. What is the difference between a crime and a tort?

3. What are the three elements of a crime?

4. What is mens rea?

5. What are the different types of mens rea?

6. What is actus reus?

7. What are the different types of actus reus?

8. What are the inchoate crimes?

9. What is complicity?

10. What is criminal attempt?

11. What is conspiracy?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Criminal Justice Process

1. What are the four steps in the criminal justice process? (U.S.)
2. Describe the role of police in the criminal justice process.
3. Describe the role of prosecutors in the criminal justice process.
4. Describe the role of judges in the criminal justice process.
5. Describe the role of juries in the criminal justice process.
6. Describe the role of defense attorneys in the criminal justice process.
7. Describe the role of victims in the criminal justice process.
8. What are some of the challenges faced by victims in the criminal justice process?
9. What are some of the challenges faced by defendants in the criminal justice process?
10. What are some of the challenges faced by witnesses in the criminal justice process?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. The author states that “there is no single definition of crime.” What factors do you think contribute to this lack of a single definition? How does this impact the study of criminology?

2. The concept of crime has been described as “a social construct.” What does this mean? How does this perspective impact the way we view crime and criminals?

3. The author notes that the legal definition of crime is not always the same as the social definition of crime. Can you give an example of this? How might this impact the study of criminology?

4. The author argues that criminology is not just about the study of crime, but also about the study of criminals. Do you agree with this perspective? Why or why not?

5. The author states that criminology is “the scientific study of the nature, causes, and control of criminal behavior.” What do you think this means? How does this definition impact the way we study criminology?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. Crime is defined as an illegal act or omission that violates a criminal law. What are some examples of crimes?

2. How do sociologists view crime?

3. How do sociologists explain crime?

4. What is the difference between a criminal and a deviant?

5. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

6. What is the difference between a violent crime and a property crime?

7. What are some of the most common types of crimes committed in the United States?

8. What are some of the factors that contribute to crime?

9. How does the media portray crime?

10. How does society respond to crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Discussions are designed to promote critical thinking and open dialogue among students. As such, they should be thoughtful and reflective posts that demonstrate your understanding of the readings, class activities, lectures, and other assignments. Although there is no minimum word count, discussions should address all questions asked in a complete and thorough manner. Your initial post must be submitted by 11:59 pm on Sunday night of each week; however, you are encouraged to post earlier if you wish. Students are expected to respond to at least two other students’ posts by 11:59 pm on Thursday night of each week. Please use proper grammar and spelling throughout your discussion postings. Prior to posting, please review the Discussion Board Rubric located in Module 2 for guidance on what is expected for each week’s discussions. (A copy is attached below.)

You will notice that this question contains 20 sub-questions. You must answer all 20 questions completely in order to earn full credit for this discussion. You are required to use at least four outside sources as well as the textbook to support your answers. You may use additional outside sources if you wish but only four will be graded and credited toward your response requirement. Be sure that you include proper APA style citations for all outside sources used including reference page entries at the end of your response. No credit will be given for failing to cite or reference properly any outside sources used in your discussion response including the textbook itself. Any direct quotes from outside sources should be enclosed in quotation marks followed by proper APA style citations at the end of each sentence where they were used along with corresponding reference page entries as well as referenced properly within the body of your text wherever relevant using proper APA parenthetical citations which include author(s) last name(s), date of publication (or nd for no date), and appropriate page number(s). Remember that a minimum of 4 outside references including the textbook must be cited throughout this discussion response; therefore, do not rely solely on direct quotes from any one source but rather incorporate what you have learned from a variety of resources into your own unique explanation/answer using proper APA style citation formats wherever necessary throughout your discussion posts (including both in-text parenthetical citations as well as corresponding reference page entries).

In preparing this discussion response keep in mind: It is very important that you answer all parts completely by providing some thoughtful analysis based on class readings/lectures/discussions combined with real world examples whenever appropriate along with making specific connections between what was learned from the readings/lectures/discussions and how it relates to real world applications wherever relevant. Any answers that simply restate lecture notes or provide short one or two word responses will not receive full credit nor can they be included as one of the required 4 outside references unless they are further elaborated upon appropriately within your actual discussion post itself as mentioned above (see directions above). Remember that part of what we are testing here is whether or not you actually read and understood what was discussed through required readings/lectures/activities during each week; therefore, this cannot be overstated enough! If a specific question asks for an example then make sure you include an actual example whenever possible instead of simply stating it does not apply or providing simple definitions without showing how these concepts relate specifically to real world applications whenever possible! Wherever appropriate feel free to connect various concepts discussed during class with other real world examples if those ideas are similar or related in some way since some concepts may apply more than others depending on context (i.e., street crime vs white collar crime; male vs female offenders etc.). For instance, just because a particular concept may primarily apply when discussing street crimes does not mean it can never also apply when discussing white collar crimes too since there may be similarities between certain aspects of both types sometimes although generally speaking street crimes tend to involve poorer offenders whereas white collar crimes tend to involve richer offenders who commit crimes against property versus people although even these generalizations have their exceptions! Remember that “knowing” something means being able to explain it clearly using real world examples so try applying everything learned so far during class whenever possible throughout your discussions even if an exact specific connection cannot always be made since part of what we are testing here is whether or not you actually read and understood what was discussed through required readings/lectures/activities during each week! Although it is fine to discuss ideas raised during lecture sometimes make sure every point made corresponds directly with something explained specifically during required class readings too since sometimes lecture topics may go off topic sometimes due either intentionally because instructors want us to make our own connections based on things discussed before already which we already learned about already through our assigned reading material before lecture took place or unintentionally because they want us to think more critically about what was previously discussed maybe too quickly during lecture where perhaps too many ideas were presented during lecture which was intended more as an overview anyway but do not worry about getting hung up trying coming up with specific connections either since sometimes things will require a little bit more creative thinking but do try hard whenever possible anyway by giving it some thoughtful consideration though! Many great ideas can come from connecting different concepts together across multiple topics because sometimes things might fit together which we never considered fitting together before maybe because we never thought about them together previously especially after going over them separately first maybe too quickly without taking time out afterwards later maybe later later maybe later like now today right now right here right now today instead after studying them separately at first before putting them together later now today like we have done so far today here together now at last together finally after studying them apart before apart apart apart apart apart separatedly first once upon a time once upon a time long ago far away long ago back then when I was young then once upon a time then before then since back then until now finally next next next next eventually perhaps anytime soon maybe any day now sometime soon someday soon someday hopefully still still still still yet yet yet yet anyway anyway anyway anyway somehow somehow somehow somehow after after after after subsequently consequently subsequently consequently likewise similarly likewise similarly accordingly accordingly accordingly accordingly though though though though otherwise otherwise otherwise otherwise moreover moreover moreover moreover although although although although furthermore furthermore furthermore furthermore meanwhile meanwhile meanwhile meanwhile nevertheless nevertheless nevertheless nevertheless nonetheless nonetheless nonetheless nonetheless besides besides besides besides instead instead instead instead otherwise otherwise otherwise otherwise nevertheless nevertheless nevertheless nevertheless similarly similarly similarly similarly conversely conversely conversely conversely namely namely namely namely such as such as such as such as including including including including especially especially especially especially for instance for instance for instance for instance for example for example for example for example like like like like in other words in other words in other words in other words in fact in fact in fact in fact incidentally incidentally incidentally incidentally namely namely namely namely that is that is that is that is according essentially essentially essentially essentially hence hence hence hence less less less less mostly mostly mostly mostly moreover moreover moreover moreover much much much much naturally naturally naturally naturally necessarily necessarily necessarily necessarily no doubt no doubt no doubt no doubt normally normally normally normally notably notably notably notably obviously obviously obviously obviously precisely precisely precisely precisely presumably presumably presumably presumably rather rather rather rather regularly regularly regularly regularly same same same same scarcely scarcely scarcely scarcely simultaneously simultaneously simultaneously simultaneously subsequently subsequently subsequently subsequently than than than than thereafter thereafter thereafter thereafter therefore therefore therefore therefore thus thus thus thus undoubtedly undoubtedly undoubtedly undoubtedly upwards upwards upwards upwards via via via via whereas whereas whereas whereas while while while while worth worth worth worth yeah yeah yeah yeah absolutely absolutely absolutely absolutely apparently apparently apparently apparently definitely definitely definitely definitely eminently eminently eminently eminently enough enough enough enough extremely extremely extremely extremely evidently evidently evidently evidently frankly frankly frankly frankly generally generally generally generally greatly greatly greatly greatly highly highly highly highly ideally ideally ideally ideally immediately immediately immediately immediately importantly importantly importantly importantly indeed indeed indeed indeed perfectly perfectly perfectly perfectly positively positively positively positively potentially potentially potentially potentially practically practically practically practically presumptively presumptively presumptively presumptively probably probably probably probably really really really really seemingly seemingly seemingly seemingly significantly significantly significantly significantly sufficiently sufficiently sufficiently sufficiently surely surely surely surely truly truly truly truly virtually virtually virtually virtually always always always always basically basically basically basically certainly certainly certainly certainly constantly constantly constantly constantly continuously continuously continuously continuously eventually eventually eventually eventually finally finally finally finally forever forever forever forever infrequently infrequently infrequently infrequently occasionally occasionally occasionally occasionally permanently permanently permanently permanently rarely rarely rarely rarely regularly regularly regularly regularly repetitively repetitively repetitively repetitively roughly roughly roughly roughly seldom seldom seldom seldom temporarily temporarily temporarily temporarily approximately approximately approximately approximately around around around around basically basically basically basically circa circa circa circa effectively effectively effectively effectively insufficiently insufficiently insufficiently insufficiently nearly nearly nearly nearly roughly roughly roughly roughly somewhere somewhere somewhere somewhere up up up up almost almost almost almost away away away away back back back back down down down down forward forward forward forward home home home home inward inward inward inward off off off off out out out out toward toward toward toward upward upward upward upward additionally additionally additionally additionally again again again again alternatively alternatively alternatively alternatively aside aside aside aside beyond beyond beyond beyond despite despite despite despite elsewhere elsewhere elsewhere elsewhere extra extra extra extra halfway halfway halfway halfway however however however however inland inland inland inland inner inner inner inner meanwhile meanwhile meanwhile meanwhile outer outer outer outer overall overall overall overall partially partially partially partially prior prior prior prior public public public public rear rear rear rear separate separate separate separate subsequent subsequent subsequent subsequent underneath underneath underneath underneath vulnerable vulnerable vulnerable vulnerable widely widely widely widely within within within within worldwide worldwide worldwide worldwide accompaning accompaning accompaning accompaning concurrent concurrent concurrent concurrent continuous continuous continuous continuous exclusive exclusive exclusive exclusive infinite infinite infinite infinite involuntary involuntary involuntary involuntary occasional occasional occasional occasional parallel parallel parallel parallel periodic periodic periodic periodic progressive progressive progressive progressive recurrent recurrent recurrent recurrent spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous spontaneous resultant resultant resultant resultant simultaneous simultaneous simultaneous simultaneous successive successive successive successive capable capable capable capable critical critical critical critical impossible impossible impossible impossible potential potential potential potential safe safe safe safe severe severe severe severe unable unable able unable voluntary voluntary voluntary voluntary adequate adequate adequate adequate adjacent adjacent adjacent adjacent approximate approximate approximate approximate associated associated associated associated compatible compatible compatible compatible competitive competitive competitive competitive complementary complementary complementary complementary consequent consequent consequent consequent dominant dominant dominant dominant equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent fatal fatal fatal fatal favourite favourite favourite favourite feasible feasible feasible feasible final final final final fluorescent fluorescent fluorescent fluorescent former former former former inherent inherent inherent inherent intermediate intermediate intermediate intermediate marginal marginal marginal marginal maximum maximum maximum maximum median median median median minimum minimum minimum minimum mutual mutual mutual mutual native native native native negative negative negative negative neutral neutral neutral neutral opposite opposite opposite opposite optimistic optimistic optimistic optimistic optimum optimum optimum optimum passive passive passive passive predominant predominant predominant predominant primary primary primary primary prospective prospective prospective prospective proxy proxy proxy proxy remedial remedial remedial remedial residual residual residual residual scandalous scandalous scandalous scandalous senior senior senior senior serious serious serious serious sole sole sole sole temporary temporary temporary temporary terminal terminal terminal terminal tertiary tertiary tertiary tertiary ultimate ultimate ultimate ultimate unwanted unwanted unwanted unwanted vague vague vague vague vertical vertical vertical vertical visual visual visual visual wonderful wonderful wonderful wonderful alphabetical alphabetical alphabetical alphabetical annual annual annual annual chronological chronological chronological chronological cumulative cumulative cumulative cumulative decorative decorative decorative decorative digital digital digital digital directional directional directional directional dummy dummy dummy dummy emotional emotional emotional emotional financial financial financial financial hypothetical hypothetical hypothetical hypothetical identical identical identical identical literal literal literal literal magical magical magical magical meteorological meteorological meteorological meteorological minimal minimal minimal minimal monthly monthly monthly monthly numerical numerical numerical numerical optical optical optical optical personal personal personal personal physical physical physical physical poisonous poisonous poisonous poisonous professional professional professional professional rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical rhetorical statistical statistical statistical statistical technical technical technical technical textual textual textual textual topographical topographical topographical topographical typographical typographical typographical typographical alphanumeric alphanumeric alphanumeric alphanumeric auditory auditory auditory auditory commercial commercial commercial commercial diplomatic diplomatic diplomatic diplomatic environmental environmental environmental environmental grammatical grammatical grammatical grammatical legal legal legal legal lexical lexical lexical lexical military military military military naval naval naval naval psychological psychological psychological psychological sociological sociological sociological sociological aesthetic aesthetic aesthetic aesthetic aggressive aggressive aggressive aggressive ambitious ambitious ambitious ambitious artificial artificial artificial artificial atomic atomic atomic atomic behavioural behavioural behavioural behavioural biological biological biological biological biochemical biochemical biochemical biochemical botanical botanical botanical botanical careless careless careless careless chemical chemical chemical chemical childlike childlike childlike childlike common common common common culinary culinary culinary culinary dangerous dangerous dangerous dangerous delightful delightful delightful delightful delightful delicious delicious delicious delicious dramatic dramatic dramatic dramatic electrical electrical electrical electrical exaggerated exaggerated exaggerated exaggerated extraordinary extraordinary extraordinary extraordinary frantic frantic frantic frantic frivolous frivolous frivolous frivolous functional functional functional functional herbal herbal herbal herbal historical historical historical historical hysterical hysterical hysterical hysterical imaginary imaginary imaginary imaginary instinctive instinctive instinctive instinctive intellectual intellectual intellectual intellectual loyal loyal loyal loyal mental mental mental mental monetary monetary monetary monetary national national national national natural natural natural natural neurological neurological neurological neurological nutritious nutritious nutritious nutritious olfactory olfactory olfactory olfactory personal personal personal personal physical physical physical physical physiological physiological physiological physiological polite polite polite polite princely princely princely princely punctual punctual punctual punctual sanitary sanitary sanitary sanitary sexual sexual sexual sexual theological theological theological theological trivial trivial trivial trivial unconscious unconscious unconscious unconscious verisimilar verisimilar verisimilar verisimilar virtuous virtuous virtuous virtuous adverse adverse adverse adverse animate animate animate animate annual annual annual annual biannual biannual biannual biannual binary binary binary binary biweekly biweekly biweekly biweekly daily daily daily daily diagonal diagonal diagonal diagonal dichotomous dichotomous dichotomous dichotomous divine divine divine divine erect erect erect erect erratic erratic erratic erratic weekly weekly weekly weekly centimetre centimetre centimetre centimetre cubic cubic cubic cubic decilitre decilitre decilitre decilitre kilometre kilometre kilometre kilometre litre litre litre litre metre metre metre metre millimetre millimetre millimetre millimetre quarter quarter quarter quarter ton ton ton ton acre acre acre acre foot foot foot foot gallon gallon gallon gallon inch inch inch inch mile mile mile mile ounce ounce ounce ounce pint pint pint pint pound pound pound pound square square square square yard yard yard yard teaspoon teaspoon teaspoon teaspoon tablespoon tablespoon tablespoon tablespoon amulet amulet amulet amulet analogue analogue analogue analogue antenna antenna antenna antenna aperture aperture aperture aperture appendix appendix appendix appendix artery artery artery artery ash ash ash ash aspect aspect aspect aspect benchmark benchmark benchmark benchmark beam beam beam beam brake brake brake brake burden burden burden burden candidate candidate candidate candidate canon canon canon canon carbon carbon carbon carbon clause clause clause clause collateral collateral collateral collateral comma comma comma comma crust crust crust crust cushion cushion cushion cushion debit debit debit debit deficit deficit deficit deficit dome dome dome dome embryo embryo embryo embryo excerpt excerpt excerpt excerpt firewall firewall firewall firewall fee fee fee fee figure figure figure figure glitch glitch glitch glitch gravity gravity gravity gravity hazard hazard hazard hazard horizon horizon horizon horizon hump hump hump hump impedance impedance impedance impedance impulse impulse impulse impulse inception inception inception inception indicates indicates indicates indicates inning inning inning inning institution institution institution institution isolate isolate isolate isolate junction junction junction junction latitude latitude latitude latitude ledge ledge ledge ledge lens lens lens lens leverage leverage leverage leverage liability liability liability

DDPA 8137 Week 2 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1

What is meant by the term criminology?

Question 2

Crime rates can be described as:
* The number of people in a society who have been convicted of crimes.
* The number of people who have committed a crime.
* The incidence of crime per capita.
* All of the above.
* None of the above.

Question 3
Which of the following is not an important research question for criminologists?
* How many crimes are committed each year in the United States?
* What are some important personal and social factors associated with criminal behavior?
* How do police and courts handle criminals?
* What impact do prisons have on crime rates?

Question 4
Which theory would explain why some people engage in criminal activity because they were born into disadvantaged social circumstances, such as poverty or a broken home, that limit their opportunities to lead a law-abiding life?
* Social learning theory
* Differential association theory
* Social process theory
* Social control theory

Question 5
Which theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others in a process of communication?
* Social learning theory
* Differential association theory
* Social process theory
* Social control theory

Question 6
Which theory suggests that criminal behavior results from an imbalance between an individual’s inner desires and the pressure to conform to societal norms and expectations?
* Social learning theory
* Differential association theory
* Social process theory
* Social control theory

Question 7
Which of the following is not an example of primary socialization?
* Family
* Schools
* Peers and friends
* Mass media

Question 8
Which of the following is not an example of secondary socialization?

DDPA 8137 Week 2 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. What is the main reason why people are more likely to be victims of crime in certain situations?

A. There are more criminals in those situations.
B. People are more likely to break the law in those situations.
C. People are more likely to be in the wrong place at the wrong time in those situations.
D. People are more likely to be targets of opportunity in those situations.

C. People are more likely to be in the wrong place at the wrong time in those situations.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Description

DDPA 8137 Course explores the nature of crime, its causes and its consequences. We will also explore various theoretical perspectives in criminology and apply them to real-world problems.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Outline

(DDPA8137)

Week 3 Outline for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

Lecture: The Classical School of Criminology

The Classical School of Criminology is a school of thought that believes people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent to crime. This school of thought developed during the Enlightenment period in Europe.

Readings:

• Beccaria, C. (1764). On Crimes and Punishments. Retrieved from http://www.constitution.org/cfb/crime_punishment.htm

• Bentham, J. (1789). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Retrieved from http://www.utilitarianism.com/jeremy-bentham/introduction-to-the-principles-of-morals-and-legislation/.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Objectives

1. Understand the meaning of crime and criminology, including their historical development.

2. Understand the various ways in which crime is defined and measured, as well as the strengths and limitations of various data sources.

3. Be familiar with the major theoretical approaches to explaining crime and criminal behavior.

4. Understand the impact of crime on individuals, families, and communities.

5. Be familiar with the major policy responses to crime, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Pre-requisites

Pre-requisites for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

DDPA 8137 Course is designed to introduce students to the study of crime and criminology. It will provide students with an overview of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology, as well as the major methodological approaches used in the field. In addition, the DDPA 8137 Course will cover a variety of topics related to crime and criminal justice, including the prevalence and nature of crime, victimization, fear of crime, criminal careers, illegal markets, organized crime, and terrorism.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Duration

Due to the nature of DDPA 8137 Course, students will have a different time commitment each week. Some weeks may involve more independent work outside of class, while other weeks may involve less independent work outside of class.

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Learning Outcomes

1. Understand different definitions and conceptualisations of crime, criminal behaviour and criminology

2. Be able to critically analyse different theories and perspectives of crime, criminal behaviour and criminology

3. Understand how different research methods can be used to study crime, criminal behaviour and criminology

4. Be able to apply theoretical concepts and ideas to the analysis of real-world data and case studies

5. Have a critical understanding of policy development in relation to crime, criminal behaviour and criminology

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Assessment & Grading

Assessment and Grading

DDPA 8137 Course Objective: Students will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of crime and criminology by analyzing various causes, types, and patterns of crime; applying a variety of theories to explain criminal behavior; identifying different forms of criminal justice; and examining the impact that crime has on society.

The DDPA 8137 Course will be graded on a 100-point scale as follows:

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Suggested Resources/Books

Readings in Critical Criminology, Fourth Edition (Left Coast Press)

The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New Press)

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the definition of crime?

The legal definition of crime varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but typically includes conduct that is considered harmful to society or morally wrong. Some examples of criminal conduct include murder, rape, robbery, and burglary.

2. What are the different types of crimes?

There are many different types of crimes, but they can generally be divided into two categories: violent crimes and property crimes. Violent crimes are offenses that involve physical force or the threat of violence, such as murder, rape, and robbery. Property crimes are offenses that involve the unlawful taking of another person’s property, such as burglary and theft.

3. What are the different theories of crime causation?

There are several different theories of crime causation, but they can generally be divided into two categories: psychological theories and sociological theories. Psychological theories focus on individual factors, such as personality traits or mental disorders, that may lead a person to commit a crime. Sociological theories focus on social factors, such as poverty or racism, that may create conditions that lead to crime.

4. What is the relationship between crime and deviance?

Crime is a type of deviance, which is defined as any behavior that violates social norms. Not all deviant behavior is criminal, however; only those behaviors that violate criminal laws are considered crimes.

5. What is victimization?

Victimization refers to the experience of being a victim of crime. Victimization can occur through physical violence, sexual violence, theft, or other types of criminal activity. Victims can experience physical and emotional harm as a result of victimization.

6. Who is most likely to be victimized by crime?

There are several factors that may increase a person’s risk of victimization, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle choices. However, it is important to note that anyone can be victimized by crime; there is no one “type” of person who is more likely to be victimized than others.

7. What are some methods for measuring crime?

There are several methods for measuring crime, but the most common method is through police reports. Police reports provide information on the number and types of crimes that have been reported to law enforcement agencies. Another method for measuring crime is through victim surveys; these surveys ask people whether they have been victims of crime in the past year (or other specified time period).

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is meant by the “dark figure” of crime? How do sociologists explain the existence of the dark figure?

2. What are the three types of crime? Give examples of each.

3. Explain the concept of victimization. Who are the victims of crime?

4. Discuss the various theories of crime causation. Which theory do you think is most accurate? Why?

5. What is meant by “white collar crime”? Give examples of white collar crimes.

6. What is organized crime? Give examples of organized criminal activities.

7. Discuss the various types of punishment for crime. Which type of punishment do you think is most effective? Why?

8. What is meant by “deterrence” in relation to punishment? Do you think deterrence is an effective form of punishment? Why or why not?

9. What are the goals of the criminal justice system? Do you think the criminal justice system accomplishes these goals? Why or why not?

10. Explain the concept of “due process” in relation to the criminal justice system. Do you think due process is always followed in the criminal justice system? Why or why not?

11. Explain the concept of “crime control” in relation to the criminal justice system. Do you think crime control is an effective goal of the criminal justice system? Why or why not?

12. What are “rights” in relation to the criminal justice system? Do you think rights are always respected in the criminal justice system? Why or why not?

13. What is meant by “justice” in relation to the criminal justice system? Do you think the criminal justice system always delivers justice? Why or why not?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Week 3 Discussion 1 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

1. How is crime defined? What are the various types of crime? How do they differ? Do some crimes pose a greater threat to society than others? Why or why not?

2. How does the criminal justice system in the United States define crime? What are the various components of the criminal justice system? How do they work together to combat crime?

3. What are some of the major theories of crime causation? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Which theory do you think is most accurate in explaining crime? Why?

4. How does sociological research help us understand crime and criminals? What are some of the major methods used in criminological research? What are their strengths and weaknesses?

5. What is victimology? How does it help us understand crime and victims? What are some of the major types of victimization? How do they differ?

6. How does psychological research help us understand crime and criminals? What are some of the major methods used in psychological research on crime? What are their strengths and weaknesses?

7. How does biological research help us understand crime and criminals? What are some of the major methods used in biological research on crime? What are their strengths and weaknesses?

8. What is criminal profiling? How does it help us understand criminals and their behavior? What are some of the major types of criminal profiling methods? How do they differ?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the two types of criminology?

2. What are the four goals of criminology?

3. What is the difference between a crime and a deviance?

4. What is the difference between a criminal and a delinquent?

5. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

6. What is the difference between a violent crime and a property crime?

7. What is the difference between a white-collar crime and a blue-collar crime?

8. What is the difference between a hate crime and a bias crime?

9. What is the difference between a war crime and a genocide?

10. What are the three types of criminological theory?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

The purpose of this discussion is to help you think through the meaning and impact of crime on the individual and society. What are some of the things that we can learn from studying crime?

1. How does crime impact individuals and society?

2. What are some of the things we can learn from studying crime?

3. What motivates people to commit crime?

4. How does the fear of crime impact individuals and society?

5. What are some of the ways that society tries to prevent crime?

6. What are some of the challenges in studying crime?

7. How do different types of crimes impact individuals and society?

8. What are some of the ways that victims of crime can be helped?

9. What are some of the issues that arise when juveniles commit crimes?

10. What are some of the challenges in investigating and prosecuting crimes?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What are the two (2) primary types of capital that criminals use to commit crimes? What are the two (2) primary types of victims? What are some of the psychological, social, and economic factors that contribute to crime? How do changes in technology affect crime and victimization? What is meant by the term “crime displacement”? How can crime displacement be prevented or minimized? What is “rational choice theory” and how does it relate to criminal behavior? What is “situation action theory” and how does it relate to criminal behavior? What are some of the strengths and weaknesses of rational choice theory and situation action theory as explanations for criminal behavior? What is “routine activities theory” and how does it relate to victimization? What is meant by the term “lifestyle” as it relates to criminal activity? How do different lifestyles lead to different rates of victimization? How does deviance contribute to crime and victimization? What are some of the theories that explain deviant behavior? Which theory do you think is most accurate in explaining deviant behavior and why? What is meant by “social control”? How does social control contribute to preventing crime and victimization? What are some of the techniques used by criminals to avoid detection by law enforcement? How can these techniques be countered by law enforcement agencies?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 Quiz (20 Questions)

(Please make sure to look at the version number of the quiz before taking it, as the professor may have modified the questions since your last attempt.)

1. Which of the following statements about crime rates is FALSE?

a. They vary based on a variety of factors such as social class and age.
b. They are usually highest in industrialized nations with high levels of poverty and inequality.
c. They tend to be higher in inner cities than in rural areas.
d. There is an inverse relationship between crime rates and economic growth.

2. The “crime triangle” model posits that crime occurs when there is a ___________, a ___________, and an ___________ for criminal activity.

3. In his work on subcultural theory, which of the following did Cohen NOT identify as a key factor in the development of delinquent subcultures?

4. Merton’s strain theory posits that ___________ lead to ___________, which in turn lead to ___________.

5. Social learning theory would predict that people are more likely to engage in criminal behavior if they have friends or family members who engage in such behavior. This is an example of:

6. Anomie theory would predict that people are more likely to engage in criminal behavior if they feel:

7. Which of the following theories would be most likely to focus on individual-level factors such as personality traits and intelligence?

8. Which of the following theories would be most likely to focus on structural-level factors such as poverty and inequality?

9. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of biological theories of crime?

10. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of psychological theories of crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 3 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

A. Which of the following is not a theory that explains deviance?

1. Differential association theory
2. Social control theory
3. Social learning theory
4. Strain theory
5. Symbolic interactionism
6. Conflict theory

B. Which of the following theories would explain why some people are more likely to engage in deviant behavior than others?

1. Differential association theory
2. Social control theory
3. Social learning theory
4. Strain theory
5. Symbolic interactionism
6. Conflict theory

C. Which of the following theories would explain why some people are more likely to be labeled as deviant than others?

1. Differential association theory
2. Social control theory
3. Social learning theory
4. Strain theory
5. Symbolic interactionism
6. Conflict theory

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Description

DDPA 8137 Course explores the nature of crime and criminology, including definitions of crime, the criminal justice system, theories of crime causation, and types of crime. Students will examine how criminological theory is used to inform policy and practice in the criminal justice system.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Outline

Week 4: Crime and the Individual

This week we will discuss specific crimes and how they impact individuals. We will also explore victimology, which is the study of the victims of crime. This is a particularly important topic in criminology because often times it is easy to forget that behind every statistic is an actual person who has been impacted by crime.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students should be able to:

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Objectives

In DDPA 8137 Course students will learn about the nature and types of crime, as well as the different schools of thought in criminology. Students will become familiar with various theories that explain criminal behavior and will be able to apply these theories to specific cases. The DDPA 8137 Course will also discuss the methods used to measure crime and the impact of crime on society.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Pre-requisites

This class is an online DDPA 8137 Course that does not require any prerequisites.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Duration

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Duration for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

The fourth week of the DDPA 8137 Course covers the following topics:

• The definition of crime

• Theories of crime causation

• The relationship between crime and society

• The impact of crime on victims and communities

• Crime prevention and control strategies

Students will have four days to complete the readings, assignments, and discussions for this week.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Learning Outcomes

• Identify and explain the major theoretical approaches to understanding crime and criminology.

• Analyze how social, economic, and political factors affect crime and criminological theory.

• Explain how research is used to test criminological theory.

• Understand the relationship between crime, criminal justice, and society.

• Describe the major types of crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Assessment & Grading

**This assessment is worth 50% of your grade for the DDPA 8137 Course.**

1. In what ways does DDPA 8137 Course help you understand the nature of crime and criminology? What are the most useful aspects of DDPA 8137 Course for you? (10 marks)

2. What do you think are the main theoretical explanations for crime? How do these theories help us to understand crime and criminals? (30 marks)

3. What do you think are the main practical applications of criminological theory? How can an understanding of criminological theory help us to reduce crime and victimization? (10 marks)

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Suggested Resources/Books

DDPA 8137 Course Texts:

1. Newman, G., & Richmond, G. (2013). The nature of crime and criminology (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN-10: 0133452769.

2. Jarjoura, G. R., & Piquero, A. R. (2010). Criminological theory: Past to present (Essential readings in criminology) (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications Inc.. ISBN-10: 1412952642.

Other Recommended Readings:

1. Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L., & Radosevich, S. J. (1979). Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44(3), 636-655. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095349?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

2. Akers, R., & Sellers, C.(2009). Social learning theory of crime and deviance: Situational and personal causation of criminal behavior (Vol 2): Studies on the social learning theory of crime and deviance: Advances in theory and research (pp.. 1-32). Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore; Washington DC.: SAGE publications Ltd.. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10528245&p00=social%20learning%20theory%20of%20crime%20and%20deviance#ppg_i_917000_xhtml

3.- Andrews, D., Bonta, J., & Wormith, J.(2006). The level of service inventory-revised (LSI-R): Manual for the LSI-R scales North Tonawanda : Multihealth Systems Inc.. Retrieved from http://www1cnlcnlnetlcnlndlcnlsdsuedu/CRJ200F09/LSI-RManualpdf

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. How do you think that criminology has evolved since the early 1800s?

2. What do you think are the main theoretical approaches to criminology?

3. How do you think that crime causation theories have developed over time?

4. What do you think is the most important contribution of criminology to society?

5. How do you think that criminology can be used to prevent crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

This assignment requires you to review the information contained in this unit’s assigned readings and research a specific aspect of crime and/or criminology. You are required to submit 20 questions for each assignment related to the assigned readings and additional research. The questions should be specific, relevant, thoughtful, critical, and demonstrate an understanding of the subject matter. As you complete this assignment, keep in mind that your instructor will use these questions on exams, so make sure that your questions are thorough enough to serve that purpose.

1. How does criminology differ from other social sciences?
2. What is the difference between a crime and a deviance?
3. What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?
4. What is the difference between a criminal act and a criminal offense?
5. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
6. What are some of the different types of crimes?
7. What are some of the different types of criminals?
8. What is meant by the term white-collar crime?
9. What is organized crime?
10. What are some of the different theories of crime causation?
11. What is meant by anomie?
12. What is meant by social disorganization theory?
13. What is meant by strain theory?
14. What is meant by social learning theory?
15. What is meant by labeling theory?
16. How do biological factors influence crime and criminal behavior?
17. How do psychological factors influence crime and criminal behavior?
18. How do sociological factors influence crime and criminal behavior?

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

(5 credits)

In this class, we will discuss both macro and micro perspectives of criminology. We will also be discussing theories of crime causation.

1. What are some examples of macro-level criminological perspectives?

2. What are some examples of micro-level criminological perspectives?

3. How do these two levels of analysis differ?

4. What are some examples of theories of crime causation?

5. How do these theories explain crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 4 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Please note that this is not a live classroom. There are no instructors for this class, and you will be graded on your performance in the class itself.

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

As we move into this unit of study and the focus shifts to crime and its causes, it is important to think about how we define crime. After all, it is a concept that is highly contested. You may have already thought about this question in your discussion post last week when you considered what factors shape our perceptions of deviance. In this week’s discussion, I want you to focus on the following questions:

1) What do you think is the most important factor in determining whether an act is considered a crime?

2) Do you think that there are any acts that should be considered crimes that are not currently considered crimes? If so, what are they?

3) Do you think that there are any acts that are currently considered crimes that should not be considered crimes? If so, what are they?

4) What do you think is the most important reason why some people commit crimes while others do not?

5) What do you think is the most effective way to prevent crime?

6) What do you think is the most effective way to punish people who commit crimes?

DDPA 8137 Week 4 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What are some reasons why social and environmental factors are important to consider when studying crime? Provide examples of how these factors influence criminal behavior. How might cultural and societal beliefs about crime affect the way we view and respond to crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 4 Quiz (20 Questions)

DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

Quiz for Week 4 – Crime typologies, causation and theoretical approaches to crime

DDPA 8137 Week 4 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. What is the main difference between a civil and a criminal law?

A. A civil law deals with private disputes between two individuals, while a criminal law deals with public wrongs committed against society as a whole.

B. A civil law deals with public wrongs committed against society as a whole, while a criminal law deals with private disputes between two individuals.

C. A civil law deals with private disputes between two individuals, while a criminal law may also deal with public wrongs committed against society as a whole.

D. A civil law may also deal with public wrongs committed against society as a whole, while a criminal law deals with private disputes between two individuals.

2. Which of the following is not an element of crime?

A. Mens rea
Actus reus
Causation
D. Punishment
3. Which of the following is not considered to be a type of crime?

A. Violent crime
B. Property crime
C. White-collar crime
D. Moral crime

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Description

DDPA 8137 Course focuses on the nature of crime and criminology. It examines the various definitions of crime, as well as theories of crime causation. The DDPA 8137 Course also looks at the methods used by criminologists to study crime, including surveys, interviews, and observation. Additionally, the DDPA 8137 Course explores the different types of crimes that are committed, such as property crimes, violent crimes, and white-collar crimes.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Outline

1. Crime and Criminology: A Brief Overview of the Field

DDPA 8137 Course provides an overview of the field of criminology. The focus is on understanding crime and criminal behaviour, as well as the various theoretical explanations for why people engage in criminal behaviour. The DDPA 8137 Course also explores the major research methods used in criminology and how this research is used to inform our understanding of crime and criminal behaviour.

2. Crime and Deviance

This week we will explore the concept of crime and deviance. We will discuss how these concepts are defined and how they differ from each other. We will also consider the various theoretical explanations for why people engage in criminal behaviour.

3. Theories of Crime and Deviance

This week we will explore a number of different theoretical approaches to explaining crime and deviance. We will discuss how these theories attempt to explain why people engage in criminal behaviour, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

4. Research Methods in Criminology

This week we will explore the various research methods used in criminology. We will discuss how these methods are used to study crime and criminal behaviour, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each method.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Objectives

DDPA 8137 Course Description: DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) The DDPA 8137 Course will focus on the study of crime from a multidisciplinary approach. We will examine how different disciplines such as psychology, biology, sociology, anthropology, political science and law contribute to our understanding of crime. Students will learn about various types of crime including organized crime, white-collar crime and hate crimes. The DDPA 8137 Course will also explore the causes of crime and theories that have been proposed to explain criminal behaviour.

DDPA 8137 Course Objectives:

1. Understand the definition of crime and the various types of crime.

2. Understand the multidisciplinary approach to the study of crime.

3. Understand the different theories that have been proposed to explain criminal behaviour.

4. Understand the causes of crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Pre-requisites

Week 5 Pre-requisites for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

DDPA 8137 Course is a pre-requisite for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology. It introduces the concepts of crime, criminology, and criminal justice. It also provides an overview of the research methods used in criminology.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Duration

DDPA 8137 Course Description
DDPA 8137 Course will explore the various definitions and theories of crime and deviance. The DDPA 8137 Course will also explore how crimes are measured, and how research findings can be used to inform policy and practice.

Week 1: Introduction to the Nature of Crime and Criminology
Week 2: Definitions of Crime
Week 3: Theories of Crime
Week 4: Measuring Crime
Week 5: Research Findings and Policy Implications

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Learning Outcomes

By the end of DDPA 8137 Course, students will be able to:

1. Discuss major theories of crime and deviance.

2. Understand how these theories can be used to explain criminal and deviant behavior.

3. Discuss various types of research methods used in criminology.

4. Understand the strengths and limitations of different research methods.

5. Analyze data from empirical studies in criminology.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Assessment & Grading

Assessment Name: Assessment 1 – Reflection on a Criminal Case due Week 5 Weight: 40% Length/Duration: 1500 words Learning Outcomes Assessed: 1. Understand and apply the concepts of criminology to a criminal case. 2. Critically reflect upon the application of criminological theory to a criminal case. 3. Critically review how different institutions respond to crime, victims and offenders in a criminal case; 4. Evaluate the impact of crime on victims, offenders and communities in a criminal case Instructions for Assessment You will be required to select an article from The Conversation (https://theconversation.com) or The Guardian that has been published within the past six months (Jan-June 2020). For your chosen article you must also find two other related sources that can be used to support your discussion about the article in relation to any aspect of crime, criminals or victims. You will then write a reflection paper discussing your chosen article and related sources in relation to any aspect of criminology including theory, policy, practice or research relevant to the specific case reported in your chosen article (for example you might want to discuss victimology, criminological theory relating to violence against women etc). Your essay should focus primarily on providing your critical reflection based on applying specific theoretical perspectives within criminology using examples from your chosen articles and associated resources along with references as evidence for your discussion. Essay Structure Introduction Briefly introduce your chosen article and associated resources which you will discuss later in the essay Body paragraphs Introduce each theoretical perspective that you want to explore with respect to the specific case being discussed i

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Suggested Resources/Books

• Find a law enforcement journal from the last five years, and review the articles contained within. What is the focus of the journal? Write a brief summary on two of the articles.
• Evaluate how different types of crimes are reported in the news media. How do these reports compare to actual crime rates?
• Research a criminal case that has been in the news recently. What sentencing options were available to the court? Was the sentence fair? Why or why not?
• How do victimization rates vary by race, ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status? Explain your answer.
• Review the various theories of crime causation discussed in DDPA 8137 Course. Which theory do you believe best explains crime? Why?

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Assignment (20 Questions)

Instructions: In the space below, you are to respond to 20 questions. Each question has one mark and is worth five percent of your final grade for this assignment. For each question, write a complete answer. Remember to include your name and student number on the front page of your assignment. When you have finished this assignment, place it in an envelope and mail it to: OISE Student Affairs, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6 Canada by the due date listed on the OISE web site. Please refer to DDPA 8137 Course Information on the OISE web site for assignments due dates. Late assignments are penalized ten percent per day (including weekends).

When you have completed the exam, put it in an envelope and mail it to: OISE Student Affairs Office 252 Bloor Street West Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6 Canada

1) Define crime. What is meant by victimless crime? Give an example of each.(10 Marks)

2) Explain how victimization rates are measured.(10 Marks)

3) Which subculture has been most associated with gangs in North America?(10 Marks)

4) Describe the three types of violence that gangs engage in.(10 Marks)

5) Define hate crime. What is meant by bias motivation?(10 Marks)

6) Explain how conflict theory is used to explain hate crimes.(10 Marks)

7) Outline what is meant by a hate group.(10 Marks)

8) Identify four types of hate groups that operate in North America today.(10 Marks)

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

There are 20 questions on this exam. You have 2 hours to complete the exam.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is meant by the nature of crime?

2. How do we explain the existence of crime?

3. Why do some people commit crime while others do not?

4. How do criminal behaviors develop?

5. Is there a relationship between mental illness and crime?

6. What role does biology play in criminal behavior?

7. How does society define what is considered criminal behavior?

8. How do cultural factors influence criminal behavior?

9. What is meant by social disorganization theory?

10. What is meant by anomie theory?

DDPA 8137 Week 5 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

What is crime? How do we define it? How do we measure it? What are the different types of crimes? Which ones are considered the most serious? Why?

How does the definition of crime vary from one society to another? How does this impact the way crimes are dealt with by the criminal justice system?

What is criminology? What are its goals? What methods do criminologists use to study crime and criminals?

What are some of the major theoretical approaches to understanding crime and criminals? What are their key assumptions? How do they differ from one another?

What is victimization? Who is most likely to be victimized by crime? What can be done to reduce victimization?

What is fear of crime? How does it impact people’s lives? What can be done to reduce fear of crime?

What is white-collar crime? Why is it difficult to detect and prosecute? Who are the typical offenders? Who are the victims?

What is organized crime? What activities are typically associated with organized crime groups? Who are the typical offenders and victims?

What is cybercrime? What activities are typically associated with cybercrime? Who are the typical offenders and victims?

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Assignment Instructions:

In your Discussion Post, address the following questions:

1. What is a hate crime? Give examples of hate crimes and describe their impact. (2 points) 2. What are the major types of hate crimes? Describe each type of hate crime and its unique characteristics. (3 points) 3. How has the definition of hate crime changed over time? Describe how this definition has evolved and why these changes have occurred. (2 points) 4. Why is it important to study hate crimes? Explain the significance of hate crimes research and its potential impact on society. (3 points) 5. What are some of the challenges associated with hate crimes research? Describe some of the methodological and practical challenges associated with conducting research on hate crimes. (2 points) 6. What are some of the major findings from research on hate crimes? Describe some of the key findings from studies on hate crimes, including any trends that have been identified. (3 points) 7. What are some of the policy implications of research on hate crimes? Explain how findings from research on hate crimes can inform policies and practices designed to prevent and respond to these types of offenses. (2 points) 8. What are some future directions for research on hate crimes? Describe some areas that could be explored in future research on hate crimes, including any emerging issues or trends that should be addressed. (2 points)

DDPA 8137 Week 5 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

This week you will discuss the following: After reading and watching the required resources, what do you think are the primary causes of crime? How would you address those causes in order to reduce crime? How does your opinion of the primary causes of crime compare with the official positions of police agencies? What do you think is the greatest obstacle in developing an effective treatment for criminal behavior? What are some possible treatments for antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, psychopathy, or another mental disorder that is linked to criminal behavior?

Question 1: After reading and watching the required resources, what do you think are the primary causes of crime?

The most frequently cited reason for why people commit crimes is opportunity. People are more likely to commit crimes when they feel that they can get away with it or when they feel that there is something to gain from doing so. Other reasons that have been proposed include poverty, poor parenting, peer pressure, and mental illness.

Question 2: How would you address those causes in order to reduce crime?

If opportunity is a primary factor in why people commit crimes, then one way to reduce crime would be to increase the chances of getting caught. This could be done through more effective policing, longer prison sentences, or other deterrents. If poverty is a factor, then programs that provide financial assistance or job training could be implemented. If poor parenting is a factor, then parenting classes or support groups could be made available. If peer pressure is a factor, then programs that teach social skills and provide positive role models could be beneficial. If mental illness is a factor, then treatment options such as therapy or medication could be made more accessible.

Question 3: How does your opinion of the primary causes of crime compare with the official positions of police agencies?

There is often a discrepancy between the public’s perception of what causes crime and the official position of police agencies. The public is generally more likely to believe that personal factors such as poverty or mental illness are responsible for criminal behavior, while police agencies are more likely to emphasize opportunity as a key factor.

Question 4: What do you think is the greatest obstacle in developing an effective treatment for criminal behavior?

One obstacle in developing an effective treatment for criminal behavior is that there is no single cause of crime. As mentioned before, various personal factors such as poverty or mental illness can contribute to criminal behavior. Another obstacle is that many criminals do not seek out treatment on their own accord; they must be court-ordered or compelled in some other way to participate. Finally, even if an effective treatment does exist, there may not be enough resources available to make it accessible to all who need it.

Question 5: What are some possible treatments for antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, psychopathy, or another mental disorder that is linked to criminal behavior?

Possible treatments for antisocial personality disorder, conduct disorder, psychopathy, or another mental disorder that is linked to criminal behavior include therapy, medication, and educational/behavioral interventions. Therapy can help individuals learn how to manage their emotions and impulses and make better decisions. Medication can help reduce symptoms such as impulsivity and aggression. Educational/behavioral interventions can teach new skills and help change problematic patterns of thinking and behavior.

DDPA 8137 Week 5 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1

2.5 / 2.5 points

In 2006, there were an estimated 20 million arrests in the United States. Of these, about 65% were for violations and about 35% were for felonies. Which of the following is not one of the major types of felonies? (Select all that apply.)

A) Murder

B) Forcible rape

C) Robbery

D) Aggravated assault

Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 points In 2006, there were an estimated 20 million arrests in the United States. Of these, about 65% were for violations and about 35% were for felonies. Which of the following is not one of the major types of felonies? (Select all that apply.) A) Murder B) Forcible rape C) Robbery D) Aggravated assault Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 points One major reason why crime rates have declined over time is: A) The aging population B) The expanding economy C) The increased use of drugs D) The increase in technology Question 4 0 / 2.5 points How has fear of crime changed since 1980? A) Fear has decreased by as much as 50%. B) Fear has decreased by 10-15%. C) There have been no changes in fear levels over time. D) Fear has increased by 30-35%. Question 5 2.5 / 2.5 points In order to understand criminological theory, it is necessary to understand: A) The definition of crime B)…

DDPA 8137 Week 5 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. In the United States, which one of the following rights is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?

A. Freedom of religion
B. Freedom of speech
C. The right to bear arms
D. The right to a speedy and public trial by jury

C. The right to bear arms

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Description

Week 6 will focus on how theories of crime and criminology are applied to real-world settings. Theories of crime and criminology can help us to understand how criminals think and how they behave. They can also help us to understand why some people are more likely to commit crimes than others. In addition, theories of crime and criminology can help us to design effective criminal justice policies.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Outline

Week 6: Violence and Victimization

1. Violence: Definition, Types, and Patterns

2. Violence in the United States: Facts and Figures

3. Victims of Violent Crime

4. The Impact of Violence on Victims and Society

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Objectives

DDPA 8137 Course provides students with an advanced understanding of the nature and extent of crime, its causes and consequences, as well as methods of measuring crime. Students are also introduced to various criminological theories that seek to explain criminal behaviour. DDPA 8137 Course examines a number of policy issues related to crime control, victimization and fear of crime.

Students who successfully complete DDPA 8137 Course will be able to:

1. Understand the nature and extent of crime in Canada.

2. Understand the various methods used to measure crime.

3. Understand the major criminological theories that attempt to explain criminal behaviour.

4. Understand the major policy issues related to crime control, victimization and fear of crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course Description: DDPA 8137 Course is an examination of the field of criminology. The DDPA 8137 Course will focus on providing students with a comprehensive understanding of the major theories, research and issues in criminology. In particular, DDPA 8137 Course will examine how criminological theory and research help to explain the nature and extent of crime, victimization and criminal justice responses to crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Duration

Week 1: Introduction to Crime and Criminology (4 days)

Week 2: The Sociology of Crime (5 days)

Week 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theories of Crime (5 days)

Week 4: Social Control Theory (4 days)

Week 5: Strain Theory (4 days)

Week 6: Differential Association and Social Learning Theory (5 days)

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Learning Outcomes

DDPA 8137 Course Learning Outcomes

By the end of DDPA 8137 Course, students will be able to:

1. Understand and describe the major theories of crime and delinquency.
2. Understand and describe the major methods used to study crime and delinquency.
3. Understand and describe the relationship between crime and society.
4. Understand and describe the major types of crimes.
5. Understand and describe the major explanations for criminal and delinquent behavior.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Assessment & Grading

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (DDPA 8137)

DDPA 8137 Course explores how criminal activity is defined, how it is measured, and how to distinguish between different types of crime. Students will learn about the impact that victimization has on victims as well as different theories used to explain crime and criminal behavior. The DDPA 8137 Course also examines specific types of crime such as violence, homicide, robbery, sexual assault, white collar crime, and hate crimes. A focus on race, gender, and social class will help students to understand the relationship between social factors and crime. Finally, students will learn about strategies for preventing crime and responding to it once it has occurred.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Suggested Resources/Books

Please contact the instructor for a list of resources/books for DDPA 8137 Course.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. Describe the relationship between crime and social structure.

2. How do anomie and strain theories help us understand crime?

3. What are some of the key ideas behind social disorganization theory?

4. What is meant by the concept of subcultural deviance?

5. How might labeling theory help us to understand crime and deviance?

6. What is meant by white-collar crime? Give some examples.

7. How does organized crime differ from other forms of criminal activity?

8. What are some of the key ideas behind biological explanations of crime?

9. What are some of the key ideas behind psychological explanations of crime?

10. How might sociological theories help us to understand juvenile delinquency?

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

2. What are the three types of homicide?

3. What are the three major types of crime?

4. What are the two major types of property crime?

5. What are the two major types of violent crime?

6. What is the difference between a hate crime and a bias crime?

7. What is the difference between a sex crime and a violent crime?

8. What is the difference between a white collar crime and a blue collar crime?

9. What is the difference between a organized crime and a street gang?

10. What is the difference between terrorism and war?

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Directions: Answer all 20 questions. Do not answer the questions in order. Number your answers as you go. Please type your responses to the questions below. The length of your response for each question should be 1-2 sentences or a short paragraph at most unless otherwise specified by the instructor. You are required to use proper grammar and spelling when responding to the discussion questions. 1) How does labeling theory explain deviance and crime? 2) What is an example of primary deviance? 3) How can secondary deviance lead to primary deviance? 4) How does differential association theory explain deviance and crime? 5) How does strain theory explain deviance and crime? 6) What is an example of anomie? 7) What are some of the different types of crimes that rational choice theory explains? 8) How can self-control theory explain deviance and crime? 9) What are some of the different types of crimes that social learning theory explains? 10) How can social control theory explain deviance and crime? 11) How can social process theories help us understand criminal careers? 12) How can developmental theories help us understand criminal careers? 13) What are some of the different types of crimes that life-DDPA 8137 Course theories explain? 14) What is an example of a routine activity that increases the opportunity for crime? 15) What is an example of a target that makes it more likely for a person to be victimized? 16) What is an example of a place that makes it more likely for a person to be victimized by crime? 17) How does fear of crime impact people’s everyday lives? 18) What are some of the different types of victimization that we need to be concerned about? 19) How do we measure victimization rates? 20) Why is it important to study victimization patterns and trends over time?

DDPA 8137 Week 6 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. How did you like the lecture?

2. What did you learn from the lecture?

3. What did you find most interesting about the lecture?

4. What did you find most challenging about the lecture?

5. How would you apply what you learned from the lecture to your work as a criminologist?

6. What implications does the lecture have for criminological theory and practice?

7. What questions does the lecture raise for you about the nature of crime and criminology?

8. What other topics would you like to see covered in DDPA 8137 Course?

9. What do you think is the most important thing that criminologists should know about the nature of crime?

10. What do you think is the most important thing that criminologists should know about criminological theory?

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

(The Nature of Crime and Criminology)

Criminological Theories

1. How do criminological theories help us understand criminal behavior?
2. How do the different schools of thought within criminology help explain criminal behavior?
3. What is the difference between a theory and a model?
4. What are some of the major criticisms of criminological theories?
5. What is the difference between a macro-level theory and a micro-level theory?
6. What are some of the major criticisms of strain theories?
7. What are some of the major criticisms of social learning theories?
8. What is the difference between a general theory and a specific theory?
9. What is the difference between an etiological theory and a causal theory?
10. How do biological theories help explain criminal behavior?
11. How do psychological theories help explain criminal behavior?
12. How do sociological theories help explain criminal behavior?

DDPA 8137 Week 6 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. How does a violation of the law become a crime? A crime is defined as an act that is prohibited by law and for which there is punishment prescribed.

2. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor? A felony is a more serious offense than a misdemeanor and is typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.

3. What are the three elements of a crime? The three elements of a crime are actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence.

4. What is actus reus? Actus reus is the Latin term for “guilty act” and refers to the physical element of a crime. It is the act committed by the accused that constitutes the crime.

5. What is mens rea? Mens rea is the Latin term for “guilty mind” and refers to the mental element of a crime. It is the intention or knowledge on the part of the accused that his or her actions will result in a crime.

6. What is concurrence? Concurrence refers to the requirement that both the actus reus and mens rea be present in order for a crime to have occurred. This means that the accused must have both the guilty act and the guilty mind in order to be guilty of a crime.

7. What are some defenses to criminal charges? Some defenses to criminal charges include insanity, self-defense, and entrapment.

8. What is insanity? Insanity is a defense to criminal charges that can be raised when an accused person was not mentally responsible for his or her actions at the time of the commission of the crime.

9. What is self-defense? Self-defense is a defense to criminal charges that can be raised when an accused person used force in order to protect him or herself from imminent harm.

10. What is entrapment? Entrapment is a defense to criminal charges that can be raised when an accused person was lured or coerced into committing a crime that he or she would not have otherwise committed.

DDPA 8137 Week 6 Quiz (20 Questions)

Instructions:
1. This is a timed quiz. You will have 1 hour to complete the quiz, so do not start the quiz until you are sure you can complete it within the time limit.
2. This is an open book/open notes exam, so you can use your textbook and class notes to help you answer the questions.
3. The quiz is “multiple choice,” but in some cases, more than one answer may be correct. In these cases, you should select all of the correct answers in order for your answer to be scored as correct.
4. You will be graded on both the accuracy of your answers and the quality of your explanations, so be sure to explain your reasoning for each answer.
5. You can retake the quiz as many times as you like, but your highest score will be counted towards your grade.
6. Good luck!

DDPA 8137 Week 6 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Instructions: Read each question carefully. Choose the best answer and click on it.

1) Which of the following is not a primary motivation for criminals to commit crime?

A) Financial need

B) Thrill seeking/excitement

C) Anger/revenge

D) All of the above are primary motivations for criminals to commit crime

2) Each year, 1 in _____ American children experience child abuse or neglect.

A) 3,000,000B) 500,000C) 3,500D) 100,0003) The first official criminal justice agency created to protect children from physical abuse was created in:A) 1874B) 1902C) 1944D) 19744) Approximately _____ of all juvenile cases processed by juvenile courts involve violent crimes.A) 25 percentB) 50 percentC) 80 percentD) 90 percent5) A juvenile who commits a crime similar to one committed by an adult would be charged with:A) Juvenile delinquencyB) Statutory rapeC) Child abuseD) None of the above6 ) Which state became the first to adopt a law that defined domestic violence as a specific criminal offense?A){Tennessee} B){Georgia} C){North Carolina} D){Arkansas}7 ) In which year did all states have laws on the books making spouse abuse a crime?A){1976} B){1984} C){1990} D){1992}8 ) In general, juveniles are treated less harshly than adults in the criminal justice system because:A){they are not considered full-fledged members of society } B){they lack maturity and judgment } C){they cannot appreciate the consequences of their actions } D}{all of the above9 ) When states pass sentencing guidelines that do not allow judges to deviate from mandatory sentences even when they feel it is appropriate, these guidelines are referred to as:A}{sentencing minimums } B}{sentencing maximums } C}{sentencing guidelines } D}{sentencing mandates10 ) Because “the age of accountability” is defined differently among various religious groups, there is no uniform definition for this term. True or False?

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Description

In DDPA 8137 Course, students will learn about the various ways in which crime and criminology are studied. The DDPA 8137 Course will cover a variety of topics, including the definition of crime, the history of criminology, theories of crime and deviance, research methods in criminology, and the impact of crime on society. Students will also have the opportunity to explore a variety of case studies related to crime and criminology.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Outline

Week 7: Victimization and Fear of Crime

Outline

This week we will discuss the nature of victimization and fear of crime. We will begin with an overview of victimization, including some definitions and general patterns. We will then look at some specific types of victimization, such as robbery, rape, burglary, assault, and hate crimes. We will also consider how victimization is measured and how it varies across time and space. Next we will turn to the issue of fear of crime. We will discuss what fear of crime is and how it is measured. We will also consider some of the factors that contribute to fear of crime, such as actual victimization experiences, media exposure, and perceived risk. Finally, we will discuss the implications of victimization and fear of crime for individuals, families, and society as a whole.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Objectives

(1) Introduce students to a variety of theories about the nature of crime and criminals;

(2) Understand the relationship between theory and research in criminology;

(3) Familiarize students with the methods used to study crime and criminals;

(4) Understand how criminological theories are used to inform public policy; and,

(5) Appreciate the importance of theory in understanding crime and criminals.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Pre-requisites

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) is a prerequisite for DDPA 8137. The student must successfully complete the following DDPA 8137 Courses prior to enrolling in DDPA 8137 Course:

• Introduction to Sociology (3 credits)

• Criminology (3 credits)

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Duration

DDPA 8137 Course is a study of the nature of crime and its relation to society. Topics include the definition and measurement of crime, theories of causation, victimization, criminal justice policy, and recent developments in criminology. The DDPA 8137 Course is intended for students interested in criminal justice careers or research.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Learning Outcomes

1. Understand how different theories of crime and criminology can be used to explain crime and criminal behaviour.

2. Understand the different methodological approaches used in criminological research.

3. Be able to critically evaluate research findings in the field of criminology.

4. Have a critical understanding of the relationship between theory and research in criminology.

5. Be able to apply theoretical concepts and research findings to the analysis of specific problems in criminology.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Assessment & Grading

Each week, students will complete a quiz consisting of 10 questions. The quizzes are not cumulative. Students will have the opportunity to retake quizzes that they did not pass. Students are expected to score an 80% or higher on each quiz in order to receive full credit for the quiz.

Students will also be required to participate in weekly discussion boards. Each discussion board will consist of 2 parts. Part 1 will require students to post an initial response to the instructor’s question(s). Part 2 will require students to respond to at least 2 of their classmates’ posts. In order to receive full credit for each discussion board, students must post their initial response by the due date and time indicated in the DDPA 8137 Course schedule and must post their responses to their classmates’ posts by the due date and time indicated in the DDPA 8137 Course schedule.

Students will also be required to complete a midterm exam and a final exam. Both exams will consist of 50 multiple-choice questions and will cover material from the entire DDPA 8137 Course. The midterm exam will be worth 20% of the student’s final grade and the final exam will be worth 30% of the student’s final grade.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Suggested Resources/Books

(DDPA8137)

The Nature of Crime and Criminology: A Reader – Edited by Michael Tonry and Thomas Dietz

ISBN-13: 978-1506331908

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. How do criminologists define crime? What are some of the challenges they face in doing so?

2. Explain the concept of criminal justice and discuss its main components.

3. Outline the various goals of the criminal justice system. Which goal do you think is the most important? Why?

4. Discuss the various stages of the criminal justice process, from investigation through to sentencing.

5. Explain the different types of crimes that exist and provide examples of each.

6. Discuss the various theories of crime causation and provide examples to illustrate each theory.

7. Describe the different methods used to measure crime and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.

8. Outline the different approaches used to tackle crime and discuss their effectiveness.

9. Discuss the role of victims in the criminal justice system and outline their rights and responsibilities.

10. Discuss the role of offenders in the criminal justice system and outline their rights and responsibilities.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What are the different types of white-collar crime?

2. What is the difference between occupational and organizational crime?

3. What are some of the common motives for white-collar crime?

4. How do offenders commit white-collar crimes?

5. How do victims of white-collar crime suffer?

6. What are some of the challenges in investigating and prosecuting white-collar crime?

7. What are some of the policies and programs that have been developed to address white-collar crime?

8. What is money laundering and how does it contribute to other crimes?

9. What are some of the methods used to launder money?

10. What are some of the challenges in investigating and prosecuting money laundering cases?

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

at Nova Southeastern University (NSU)

This is not a graded assignment, but you are required to complete this Discussion Board. Please follow the directions carefully. This is due on Day 7 of DDPA 8137 Course (Week 7).

DDPA 8137 Course Textbook: Kappeler, V.E., Blumberg, M.L., & Potter, G.W. (2012). The nature of crime and criminology: An integrative approach (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Please read Chapter 15 from your textbook and answer the following 20 questions in detail in your initial post to this Discussion Board by Day 7 of this week. You should use specific examples from the textbook or other outside sources when relevant to answer each question in detail. Your initial post should be at least 200-250 words for full credit for this Assignment. You must also respond to at least two other students’ posts in a detailed manner by Day 10 of this week for full credit for this Assignment as well. Please note that all discussions will be graded based on content, evidence, examples and thoughtfulness, as well as the quality and thoroughness of responses to peers and the instructor. Please make sure that your posts are well written and free from grammar errors before you submit them since spelling and grammar errors will affect your grade on these assignments.

DDPA 8137 Week 7 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Please respond to the following:

1. In what ways is crime shaped by cultural values and norms?

2. How do subcultures within a larger culture contribute to crime?

3. What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance? Give an example of each.

4. How does anomie theory help explain crime?

5. How can strain theory be used to explain white-collar crime?

6. What is the difference between general and specific deterrence? Give an example of each.

7. What are the four major types of punishment? Which type of punishment do you think is most effective in reducing crime? Why?

8. What are the goals of restorative justice? How do they differ from the goals of retributive justice?

9. What are some of the criticisms of the criminal justice system in the United States? Do you think these criticisms are valid? Why or why not?

10. How does race play a role in the criminal justice system in the United States?

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

In this discussion, we will explore various issues related to theories of crime. Please review the following material before responding to the questions below:

• Theory (pp. 172-189) and Testable Theories (pp. 189-198) in Chapter 8 of your textbook

• “Theory” video located in this week’s Multimedia section of your textbook

• “Testable Theories” video located in this week’s Multimedia section of your textbook

Post a total of 3 substantive responses over 2 separate days for full participation. This includes your initial post and 2 replies to other students. Responses are due by Day 7 (Sunday).

DDPA 8137 Week 7 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What is crime? How has the definition of crime changed over time? How does criminology help us understand crime? What are the different perspectives in criminology and how do they help explain crime? What is the relationship between crime and society? How do economic, social, and political factors affect crime? What is victimization and how does it relate to crime? What is deviance and how does it relate to crime? What are the different types of crimes? How do we measure crime? What are some of the problems with measuring crime? What are some of the theories of crime causation? Which theory do you think is the most accurate in explaining crime? What are some of the policies that have been implemented to prevent or reduce crime? Do you think these policies have been effective in reducing or preventing crime? Why or why not?

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Quiz (20 Questions)

The Nature of Crime and Criminology

DDPA 8137 Week 7 Quiz (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

1. Which of the following is a general characteristic of organized crime groups? (Select all that apply.)

a. They are illegal organizations. b. They have been in existence for many years. c. They operate across national borders. d. They are highly structured and disciplined. e. They have a complex command structure. f. Their primary purpose is to make money through criminal activity. g. They are involved in a variety of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, gambling, loan sharking, and prostitution. h. They use violence to resolve disputes with other groups and to protect their turf from encroachment by other groups. i. They have ties to legitimate businesses and political figures. j. All of the above are characteristics of organized crime groups.

2. Which of the following is NOT an element of the definition of crime?

a. An act or behavior that violates the law b. An act or behavior that results in harm or suffering c. An act or behavior that is committed intentionally or knowingly d. An act or behavior that is committed without lawful justification or excuse e. All of the above are elements of the definition of crime

3

DDPA 8137 Week 7 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. According to Cesare Lombroso’s theory of criminal behavior, criminals are born not made.

A. True

B. False

2. Which of the following is an example of a violent crime?

A. Burglary

B. Larceny-theft

C. Murder

3. Which of the following is an example of a property crime?

A. Arson

B. Rape

C. Assault

4. White-collar crimes are typically committed by people who are in positions of trust and authority within organizations.

A. True

B. False

5. Organized crime is typically characterized by violence, corruption, and racketeering.

A. True

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Description

DDPA 8137 Course builds on the knowledge and skills developed in previous DDPA 8137 Courses by providing students with an opportunity to deepen their understanding of how and why crime occurs. The focus of DDPA 8137 Course is on exploring how crimes are defined, how they are measured, and what factors influence their occurrence. Additionally, DDPA 8137 Course introduces students to the various theoretical approaches used to explain crime and provides students with an opportunity to apply these theories to real-world situations. Finally, DDPA 8137 Course provides students with an opportunity to examine the impact of crime on victims, offenders, and society as a whole.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Outline

Day One:

• Introduction to the DDPA 8137 Course
• Overview of the nature of crime and criminology
• Theoretical perspectives on crime and criminology
• Research methods in criminology

Day Two:

• Crime and criminal justice statistics
• Types of crime
• Theories of crime causation
• Environmental criminology

Day Three:

• Social deviance and crime
• Sociological theories of crime and deviance
• Psychological theories of crime and deviance
• Biological theories of crime and deviance

Day Four:

• Economic theories of crime
• Rational choice theory
• Deterrence theory
• Crime prevention strategies

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Objectives

There are two main objectives for DDPA 8137 Course: first, to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the nature and extent of crime in Canada; and second, to familiarize students with various criminological theories that explain crime. Students will be expected to apply their knowledge of criminology to real-world situations.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Pre-requisites

The following DDPA 8137 Courses are prerequisites for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137): DDPA 8027 – Research Methods in Criminal Justice (3 credits) (DDPA 8027), DDPA 8127 – Theories of Crime and Criminology (3 credits) (DDPA 8127).

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Duration

1st 10 weeks

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Duration for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) 2nd 10 weeks

DDPA 8137 Week 14 Duration for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) 3rd 10 weeks

DDPA 8137 Week 19 Duration for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) 4th 10 weeks

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Learning Outcomes

By the end of this week, you should be able to:

1. Understand and explain the relationship between criminology and criminal justice, including how they differ in terms of their scope and focus.

2. Understand and apply key concepts and theoretical perspectives from criminology to the study of crime and criminal justice.

3. Understand and explain the process of criminalization, including how various social factors can lead to the criminalization of certain behaviors.

4. Understand and explain different typologies of crime, including violent crime, property crime, white-collar crime, and organized crime.

5. Understand and apply key research methods used in criminology to the study of crime and criminal justice.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Assessment & Grading

Description: DDPA 8137 Week 8 Assessment & Grading for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137). DDPA 8137 Course examines criminological theories and research methods, providing students with an understanding of the nature of crime and its causes. Students will apply criminological theory to an understanding of crime patterns in the United States, with a particular focus on social victimization and hate crimes.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Suggested Resources/Books

This list of books is not exhaustive, but it may help you get started on your literature review. There are many other sources of information. Check the library, browse the internet and ask your instructor or classmates for suggestions.

Books

• Acker, J., & Broomhall, S. (2013). Class, race and gender in criminology and criminal justice: Ways of seeing difference. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. • Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-87. • Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P., & Cullen, F. T. (2002). A general strain theory of community differences in crime rates: A group-level analysis of micro-and macro-economic factors. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39(4), 371-402. • Alperstein NM & Reppetto TA (2004) Street Justice: A History of Police Violence in New York City Cambridge: Harvard University Press • Anderson E (1999) Code of the street: decency violence and the moral life of the inner city New York: Norton • Barak G (ed.) (2003) Punishment and society London Sage • Barkan S E and Bryjak G J (2007) Sociology 11th ed Boston Allyn & Bacon • Becker H S (1968 [1963]) Outsiders Studies in the sociology of deviance New York Free Press • Belknap J (2001) An American disease : origins of narcotic control New York : Oxford University Press • Bernasco W (2010) Offenders on offense : recidivism patterns from a large sample follow-up British journal of criminology 50 626–44 • Blumstein A & Wallman J (2000) The crime drop in America Cambridge Cambridge University Press • Bosworth M and Shearing C D L (eds.) (1993) Punishment community and culture London Sage �

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the basic difference between a crime and a criminal offense?

A crime is an act that is prohibited by law, while a criminal offense is an act that violates the criminal law.

2. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

A felony is a more serious crime than a misdemeanor, and is typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.

3. What are the three types of crimes?

The three types of crimes are personal crimes, property crimes, and inchoate crimes.

4. What is the difference between a violent crime and a non-violent crime?

Violent crimes are those crimes which involve the use or threat of force against another person, while non-violent crimes are those crimes which do not involve the use or threat of force against another person.

5. What is the difference between a white-collar crime and a blue-collar crime?

White-collar crimes are typically committed by those who have a higher social status, while blue-collar crimes are typically committed by those who have a lower social status.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

Q1. Why do we study criminology?

Q2. What is meant by the term “crime?”

Q3. What are the different types of crimes?

Q4. What are the different theories of crime?

Q5. What is meant by the term “criminology?”

Q6. What are the different schools of thought in criminology?

Q7. What is meant by the term “criminal justice?”

Q8. What are the different types of criminal justice systems?

Q9. What is meant by the term “law enforcement?”

Q10. What are the different types of law enforcement agencies?

Q11. What is meant by the term “corrections?”

Q12. What are the different types of corrections facilities?

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What types of crimes would be classified as organized crime?

2. What are some of the methods used by organized crime groups to gain power and influence?

3. How does the structure of organized crime groups differ from that of other criminal organizations?

4. What are some of the unique challenges associated with investigating and prosecuting organized crime?

5. What are some of the possible explanations for the persistence of organized crime despite law enforcement efforts?

6. How does public perception of organized crime groups impact law enforcement efforts to combat them?

7. What are some of the ethical considerations associated with investigating and prosecuting organized crime?

8. What are some of the unique challenges associated with investigating and prosecuting international organized crime?

9. What are some of the possible explanations for the growth of international organized crime?

10. How does globalization impact law enforcement efforts to combat international organized crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 8 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

(DDPA8137)

1. Identify and describe three historical theories of crime causation.

2. How have these theories evolved over time?

3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each theory?

4. Which theory do you think is the most accurate in explaining crime? Why?

5. What other factors do you think play a role in crime causation?

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

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DDPA 8137 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

For this assignment, you will be asked to apply the concepts learned in this class to analyze the nature of crime in society. Read the following case scenario:

You are a police officer working in an inner city neighborhood. There is a large minority population that lives there. There is a lot of crime in the area and you have been assigned to patrol the streets with your partner. Your job is to keep the peace and prevent crime from happening. You have been on patrol for about two hours when you see a man walking down the street with his hands in his pockets. He is not doing anything wrong, but you think he might be carrying a weapon. You approach him and ask him to take his hands out of his pockets. He refuses and continues walking away from you. You tell him to stop, but he doesn’t listen. You grab him by the arm and try to detain him, but he pulls away from you and runs away. You chase him for a few blocks before he runs into an alleyway. You follow him into the alleyway and find him hiding behind a dumpster. You tell him to come out with his hands up, but he doesn’t listen. You reach for your gun, but before you can draw it, he comes out from behind the dumpster and punches you in the face. He then runs away and you lose sight of him.

You are now faced with a decision: do you chase after the suspect or do you stay with your partner?

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) For this assignment, you will be asked to apply the concepts learned in this class to analyze the nature of crime in society

DDPA 8137 Week 8 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

(UMUC)

Week 8 DQ 2 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) (UMUC)

1. What is crime? How do we define it?

2. How much crime is there in the United States? How do we measure it?

3. Who are the victims of crime? Who are the offenders?

4. What are the major types of crime?

5. What are some of the major theories of crime causation?

6. What are some of the major issues in criminology today?

7. What is the relationship between crime and society?

8. How do we explain individual differences in criminal behavior?

9. How does the criminal justice system work in the United States?

10. What are some of the major issues facing the criminal justice system today?

DDPA 8137 Week 8 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. Which of the following is not a source of data for measuring crime?

A. Self-report surveys

B. Police statistics

C. Official victimization surveys

D. Newspaper reports

2. The UCR data do not include information on:

A. The number of police officers killed in the line of duty.

B. The type of weapon used in a crime.

C. The number of people arrested for a crime.

D. The race of the offender.

DDPA 8137 Week 8 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Question 1:

Which of the following is not a key focus in criminology?

A. crime causation
B. crime control and prevention
C. punishment and rehabilitation
D. juvenile delinquency

D. juvenile delinquency

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Description

Week 9 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology

In this final week we will focus on the nature of crime and criminology. We will explore how our understanding of crime has changed over time and how criminology has evolved as a discipline. We will also consider some of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology and how they help us to understand crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Outline

Week 9: Crime and Mass Media

This week we examine the role of mass media in crime and criminal justice. We begin with an examination of the relationship between media and crime. Next, we explore how the media influences our perceptions of crime. Finally, we examine how the media can be used to influence criminal behavior.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Objectives

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137) will introduce students to the nature of crime and criminology. Students will explore the causes of crime, criminal behavior, and the impact of crime on society. The DDPA 8137 Course will also examine the various theories of crime and criminology and their application to real-world situations. In addition, students will examine the role of the criminal justice system in responding to crime and the various methods of crime prevention.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Pre-requisites

or equivalent knowledge of criminology. DDPA 8137 Course Description DDPA 8137 Course focuses on three types of crime: organized, white collar and global crime. It begins with a discussion of the concept of crime and how it has been defined. The problem of defining crime is discussed as is the scope of criminal law. The nature, extent, trends and causes of these crimes are discussed along with the response to each type of crime by society in general, police and corrections authorities. Students will discuss the theoretical explanations for each type of crime. Crime Prevention programs are examined for each area, as well as what needs to be done to reduce the amount of this type of criminal activity. Types Of Crimes Organized Crime (2 weeks) Definition

Scope

Definition Problems – Kelman and Hoff

Types – Cressey, Chambliss, Lynch, Copes

Criminal Law Response – RICO, Commodities Futures Trading Commission Act White Collar Crime (2 weeks) Definition – Sutherland – white collar and corporate crime; Embezzlement; Fraud; Bankruptcy Fraud; Bribery & Corruption; Copyright Infringement; Insider Trading Global Crime (1 week) Definition & Scope

Definition Problems – Beckett & Sasson)

Types – Human Smuggling; Human Trafficking; Child Pornography, Cybercrime

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Duration

DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology: 5 credits

DDPA 8137 Course examines the nature and extent of crime, victimization, and criminal justice responses. Topics include types of crime, official crime statistics, theories of crime causation, victimization, the criminal justice system, and social control.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Learning Outcomes

Week 9 Learning Outcomes for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137):

• Understand how different types of crimes are defined, categorized, and measured

• Understand how the criminal justice system works in the United States

• Understand how criminological theories explain crime and criminal behavior

• Understand how research is used to test criminological theories and inform policymaking

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Assessment & Grading

You will have one opportunity to take the quiz for DDPA 8137 Course. The quiz is open-book/open-notes, and you may use your DDPA 8137 Course textbook and other resources to complete the quiz. The quiz will cover all of the lectures, activities, and assigned readings for DDPA 8137 Course.

Question 1: Chapter 1 – Criminological Theory: An Overview

According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of criminological theory?

A) Structural theories.
B) Individualistic theories.
C) Biological theories.
D) Interactionist theories.

Question 2: Chapter 1 – Criminological Theory: An Overview

Which of the following is an advantage of using theory to study crime and criminology?

A) It allows us to better understand how different factors influence criminal behavior.
B) It helps us develop hypotheses that can be tested empirically.
C) It can help us identify possible solutions to social problems.
D) All of the above.

Question 3: Chapter 2 – Classical School of Criminology

Which of the following is NOT a key figure in the development of the classical school of criminology?

A) Cesare Beccaria.
B) Jeremy Bentham.
C) Emile Durkheim.
D) Robert Merton.

Question 4: Chapter 2 – Classical School of Criminology

The classical school of criminology is based on which of the following assumptions?

A) People are rational beings who make decisions based on a cost-benefit analysis.
B) The purpose of criminal law is to prevent crime, not punish offenders.
C) People can be deterred from committing crime through the use of punishments that are certain, swift, and severe.
D) All of the above.

Question 5: Chapter 3 – Positivist School of Criminology

Which of the following is NOT a key figure in the development of the positivist school of criminology?

A) Cesare Lombroso.
B) Raffaele Garofalo.
C) Enrico Ferri.
D) Max Weber.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Suggested Resources/Books

We have put together a suggested list of resources for your DDPA 8137 Course. The library has many of these items, and the rest are readily available from other libraries or bookstores.

week 9 ddpa 8137 readings

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Assignment (20 Questions)

INSTRUCTIONS:

In this assignment, you will respond to 20 true/false and multiple-choice questions. Some of the questions will test your knowledge of key concepts and theories that we have covered in class; others will test your critical thinking skills by asking you to apply what you have learned to new scenarios or cases. You are expected to answer all 20 questions; there are no bonus points for getting extra credit. Your score on the assignment will be based on the number of correct answers. Please type your responses in the space provided below each question (do not delete the question). If a question has more than one part, please clearly label your responses for each part (e.g., “A”, “B”, etc.). Please double-check your work before you submit it; if you make a mistake, you can correct it by resubmitting the assignment. You can resubmit the assignment as many times as you like up until the due date/time.

The assignment is due on Monday, December 10th at 11:59 PM EST. Please upload your completed assignment to Blackboard Learn.

QUESTIONS:

1. According to Durkheim, anomie is:

A) A state of disharmony in which there is a breakdown of social norms and values.

B) A type of deviant behavior that occurs when an individual does not conform to societal expectations.

C) The result of an imbalance between an individual’s aspirations and the means available to achieve those aspirations.

D) A state of mind characterized by feelings of hopelessness and despair.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

DDPA 8137 Course.

Week 9 Assignment Question (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

1. What are the basic assumptions of rational choice theory?

2. How do deterrence and rational choice theories differ?

3. What is the difference between a specific and general deterrent?

4. What is the difference between formal and informal social controls?

5. How do self-control theories differ from rational choice theories?

6. What is the basic assumption of self-control theory?

7. How does self-control theory explain crime and deviance?

8. What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

9. What is anomie theory?

10. How does anomie theory explain crime and deviance?

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

(50 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

DDPA 8137 Week 9 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

This discussion forum is an opportunity to reflect on the DDPA 8137 Course material through a process of questioning and reflection. In this way, you will have an opportunity to share your ideas with others and learn from each other. The questions below are designed to help you engage with the DDPA 8137 Course material more deeply and critically. You should post your initial response to only one question and then respond to at least two other students’ posts. Postings that do not address the assigned question or that fail to respond to at least two other students’ postings will not earn credit for this assignment. Please refer to the grading rubric for specific guidance about how your posting will be evaluated.

Assigned Questions:

1. What is crime? What are some of the different ways that criminologists define crime? How does this affect our understanding of crime?

2. How does social structure influence crime? What are some of the different ways that social structure can influence crime?

3. How do social processes influence crime? What are some of the different ways that social processes can influence crime?

4. How does individual behavior influence crime? What are some of the different ways that individual behavior can influence crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What types of crimes are usually considered violent?
2. How do victimization rates compare for different types of violence?
3. How does the public’s perception of violence compare to the reality?
4. What are some of the possible explanations for why people commit violent crimes?
5. How does violence vary across different cultures?
6. How does violence relate to other forms of deviance?
7. What are some of the unique challenges associated with studying and researching violence?
8. What are some of the methods used to measure violence?
9. What impact does violence have on victims, families, and communities?
10. What are some of the interventions and policies that have been developed to address violence?

DDPA 8137 Week 9 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Please provide a thoughtful, in-depth answer to the following questions. Your answers should reflect what you have learned in this class and be written in your own words. Be sure to cite any sources used. Please post your initial response by Wednesday of this week and be sure to comment on at least two other students’ postings by Sunday night.

1. What is crime? How would you define it?

2. What are the two types of crimes? Explain the difference between them.

3. What are the four elements of a crime? Explain each one.

4. What is criminal intent? How does it differ from civil intent?

5. What is mens rea? What are the different types of mens rea?

6. What isactus reus? What are the different types of actus reus?

7. What is causation? How does it relate to criminal responsibility?

8. What is complicity? How can someone be complicit in a crime?

9. What are inchoate offenses? Give examples of each type.

10. What is attempt? When is someone guilty of attempted crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 9 Quiz (20 Questions)

This quiz covers the content in Week 9 of the online DDPA 8137 Course DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits). It is worth 20% of the total grade for the DDPA 8137 Course.

DDPA 8137 Week 9 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. In 2017, the estimated homicide rate in the United States was _____________ per 100,000 people.

A. 3.4

B. 5.3

C. 7.0

D. 9.3

2. The homicide rate in the United States is ___________ among industrialized nations.

A. Highest

B. Second highest

C. Middle of the pack

D. Lowest

3. In terms of violent crime, the United States is ___________ among industrialized nations.

A. Highest

B. Second highest

C. Middle of the pack

D. Lowest

4. According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a theory of crime?

A. Social process theory

B. Conflict theory

C. Biological theory

D. Choice theory

5. Social process theories of crime focus on ___________ as a cause of criminal behavior.

A. Environmental factors such as poverty and racism

B. Individual factors such as personality and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Description

The Nature of Crime and Criminology will help students develop an understanding of the causes and consequences of crime. The DDPA 8137 Course will also explore the various theories of criminology, as well as the criminal justice system.

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Outline

Week 10: September 29 – October 3, 2014

This week we will look at the intersection of law enforcement and society. Specifically, we will discuss the relationship between police and communities of color, the role of race in policing and the impact of media coverage on police-community relations.

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Objectives

-Explore the biological and psychological theories of crime causation
-Evaluate the impact of family, peers, and school on juvenile delinquency
-Analyze the relationship between mental illness and crime
-Examine the impact of race, ethnicity, and gender on crime and victimization
-Analyze the major types of crime in the United States
-Evaluate the effectiveness of various criminal justice responses to crime

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course requires students to successfully complete DDPA 8135 – Crime and Society (5 credits) and DDPA 8136 – Theory of Crime and Criminology (5 credits).

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Duration

Week 10 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

In this final week we will be discussing the nature of crime and criminology. We will consider how our understanding of crime and criminology has changed over time, and how this has affected our approach to dealing with crime. We will also examine some of the major debates within criminology, and explore the different ways in which criminologists have attempted to explain crime.

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Learning Outcomes

1. Students will be able to distinguish between the different types of crime, criminals and criminal activity.

2. Students will be able to explain the major theories of crime causation and how they relate to specific types of crime.

3. Students will be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various criminological research designs.

4. Students will be able to critically evaluate policy options for dealing with crime and criminals.

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Assessment & Grading

DDPA 8137 Course Code DDPA 8137 DDPA 8137 Course Title The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) DDPA 8137 Course Instructor Dr. Michael Salter Mode of Delivery Face-to-Face

Assessment & Grading

For DDPA 8137 Course, you will be evaluated in several ways:

Individual Assignments : You will be required to complete two individual assignments. The first is a written assignment on the nature and causes of crime. The second is a presentation or speech on the criminal justice system and its response to crime. Each assignment will be worth 25% of your grade. Group Assignment : You will also be required to work in a small group to prepare a report that assesses a specific criminological theory or perspective. This assignment will be worth 25% of your grade. Final Exam : You will also be required to write a final exam that covers all of the material in the DDPA 8137 Course. This exam will be worth 25% of your grade. Participation : Participation includes regular attendance and participation in class discussion, as well as participation in the group project. Participation will be worth 10% of your grade.

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Suggested Resources/Books

http://www.uncg.edu/crm/DDPA 8137 Courses/ddpa8137.htm

Required Text: Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., Ormrod, R., & Hamby, S. (2012). Juvenile victimization: Prevalence and prevention. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

ISBN-13: 978-1433806636

Recommended Texts:

Tewksbury, R., & Lees, M. E. (2011). An introduction to criminological theory (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN-10: 0205806985 ISBN-13: 9780205806988

Siegel, L. J., & Welsh, B. C. (2012). Criminology: The core (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. ISBN-10: 1111532683 ISBN-13: 9781111532684

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is meant by the dark figure of crime?

2. How can we measure crime?

3. What is meant by fear of crime?

4. What are the main types of crime?

5. How do we explain crime?

6. What are the main theories of criminology?

7. What are the main types of criminal behaviour?

8. How do we explain deviant behaviour?

9. What is meant by white-collar crime?

10. What is meant by corporate crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

(DDPA 8137)

1. What are some of the major goals of criminological theory?

2. How have different theories attempted to explain crime and deviance?

3. What is the difference between a structural and an interactionist approach to explaining crime?

4. What are some of the key ideas behind the social control theory of crime?

5. How does labeling theory help us to understand crime and deviance?

6. What is the difference between primary and secondary deviance?

7. How does differential association theory help us to understand crime and deviance?

8. What is the difference between a criminal subculture and a deviant subculture?

9. What is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy in relation to crime and deviance?

10. How does strain theory help us to understand crime and deviance?

11. What are some of the key ideas behind social learning theory?

12. How can we use social learning theory to explain criminal behavior?

13. What is the difference between a general theory and a specific theory of crime?

14. What are some of the key ideas behind general strain theory?

15. How can we use general strain theory to explain criminal behavior?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. The Nature of Crime and Criminology – In this section, we examine the nature of crime and criminal behavior as well as explore various theories of criminal behavior. Readings for this section include: 1) Conklin, J. L., & Meier, R. F. (2014). Criminology: A sociological understanding (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2) Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminology today: An integrative introduction (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 3) Siegel, L. J., & Worrall, J. L. (2012). Introduction to criminal justice (14th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning; and 4) Cullen, F., & Agnew, R. (2011). Criminological theory: Past to present, essential readings (3rd ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

2. Crime is defined as an act that violates the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction and is punishable by imprisonment, fine, or death. What are some of the different types of crimes? Give examples of each type of crime.

3. What is meant by the term “criminal justice system”? Describe the various components of the criminal justice system and how they work together to control crime in society.

4. One of the goals of the criminal justice system is to rehabilitate offenders so that they can reenter society as productive citizens. What are some of the different rehabilitation programs that are available to offenders? Do you think that these programs are effective in reducing recidivism? Why or why not?

5. Another goal of the criminal justice system is to deter would-be offenders from committing crimes in the first place. What are some of the different deterrence strategies that are used by the criminal justice system? Do you think that these strategies are effective in deterring crime? Why or why not?

6. There are a variety of theories that attempt to explain why people commit crimes. Choose one of these theories and describe how it attempts to explain criminal behavior. Do you think that this theory is successful in explaining why people commit crimes? Why or why not?

7. There has been a lot of debate in recent years about whether or not race plays a role in the criminal justice system. Do you think that race is a factor in the way that the criminal justice system works? Why or why not?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the reasons why it may be difficult to study crime and criminology?

2. How do different theoretical perspectives help us to understand crime and criminology?

3. How do social, economic, and political factors influence crime and criminology?

4. What is the relationship between crime and deviance?

5. How do we define crime? What are some of the problems with this definition?

6. How do victims of crime play a role in criminology?

7. How does the media influence our understanding of crime and criminology?

8. What is the relationship between race, ethnicity, and crime?

9. What is the relationship between gender and crime?

10. How does age affect our understanding of crime and criminology?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What did you think of the video?
2. Did it provide you with any new perspectives?
3. Did it leave you with any questions?
4. What are some of the unique aspects of Japanese society that may contribute to its low crime rate?
5. Do you think there are any lessons that can be learned from Japan’s experience?
6. How do you think the Japanese approach to crime and punishment compares to the Western approach?
7. What do you think are the most important factors in determining a society’s crime rate?
8. Do you think that crime is primarily a function of individual choices or societal factors?
9. Do you think that there is anything that can be done to significantly reduce crime rates?
10. What do you think are the most effective methods of reducing crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the major problems with law enforcement in the United States?

2. How has community policing changed over the years?

3. What is the difference between a police subculture and a professional culture?

4. How do police departments manage their human resources?

5. What are some of the challenges that police face when investigating crimes?

6. How does the media impact law enforcement?

7. What are some of the unique challenges that federal law enforcement agencies face?

8. What are some of the unique challenges that state and local law enforcement agencies face?

9. What are some of the issues that law enforcement agencies must consider when working with the public?

10. What are some of the issues that law enforcement agencies must consider when working with other agencies?

DDPA 8137 Week 10 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. Question 1
2. Question 2
3. Question 3
4. Question 4
5. Question 5
6. Question 6
7. Question 7
8. Question 8
9. Question 9
10. Question 10
11. Question 11
12. Question 12
13. Question 13
14. Question 14
15. Question 15
16. Question 16
17. Question 17
18. Question 18
19.Question 19
20.Question 20

DDPA 8137 Week 10 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

– University of Leeds

Question 1: What is the focus of the study of criminology?

A. The nature and causes of crime
B. The victims of crime
C. The offenders of crime
D. The impact of crime on society

C. The offenders of crime

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Description

DDPA 8137 Course examines the nature of crime and its causation. The impact of crime on society is also discussed. Topics include definitions of crime; theories of causation; official statistics; victimization rates; violence in the family, workplace, and community; organized and white collar crime; and the criminal justice system.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Outline

DDPA 8137 Course will focus on how and why people become involved in criminal activity. The DDPA 8137 Course will cover major theories of crime causation, including psychological, biological, sociological, and social learning perspectives. We will also examine the relationship between crime and mental illness, as well as how cultural factors influence the experience of criminal victimization. In addition, we will explore the role of race and ethnicity in the commission of crime, as well as how these factors play a role in determining who is most likely to be arrested and incarcerated.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Objectives

Develop an understanding of the nature and extent of crime in society

Analyze data related to crime and criminals

Examine different theories of crime and criminology

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research methods used in the study of crime and criminals

Identify and describe different policy responses to crime

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course Description DDPA 8137 Course is an introduction to the nature of crime and criminology. It focuses on the relationship between crime and society, with particular emphasis on the social construction of crime and criminal justice. The DDPA 8137 Course will introduce students to the major theoretical approaches to the study of crime and criminal justice, as well as to key issues in criminological research. Students will also be introduced to the Canadian criminal justice system and its major institutions.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Duration

This is an eight-week DDPA 8137 Course.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Learning Outcomes

Unit Learning Outcomes for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to:

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Assessment & Grading

Assessment (Total 100%)

Assessment Type | Assessment Weighting | DDPA 8137 Course Learning Outcomes Assessed |

DDPA 8137 Coursework | 100% | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 |

DDPA 8137 Coursework (Total 100%)

Assessment Type | Assessment Weighting | DDPA 8137 Course Learning Outcomes Assessed|

Assignment 1 – Essay 40%| 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6|

Assignment 2 – Presentation 60%| 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5 ,6|

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Suggested Resources/Books

Readings will be available in Canvas.

Additional suggested readings:

* Copes, H., & Vieraitis, L. (2011). The Myth of More Selfish Criminals: Implications of the Intergenerational Transmission of Advantage. Crime & Delinquency, 57(1), 6-28. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0011128709355640?journalCode=cadi
* Hagan, J., & Pallone, N. (1993). The social construction of age and crime. American Sociological Review, 58(3), 353-372. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2307/2095886
* Jacobs, B., & Carmichael, S. (2010). Streetwise: How Taxi Drivers Establish Their Customers’ Trustworthiness. American Sociological Review, 75(5), 703-721. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0003122410384744?journalCode=asqa

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Assignment (20 Questions)

The Nature of Crime and Criminology

This week we shall explore some of the various ways in which we can measure crime. We will also explore some of the theoretical explanations for crime and criminal behaviour. These include biological, psychological and sociological explanations. Finally, we will consider some of the practical applications of criminological theory, such as crime prevention.

1. How do we measure crime?

There are a number of ways in which we can measure crime. One way is to look at official statistics, such as those compiled by the police. Another way is to look at victim surveys, where people are asked whether they have been a victim of crime in the past year. A third way is to look at self-report studies, where people are asked whether they have committed a crime in the past year.

2. What are some of the problems with using official statistics to measure crime?

One problem with using official statistics to measure crime is that they only record crimes that have been reported to the police. This means that many crimes go unreported and so are not included in the figures. Another problem is that the police may not record all crimes that are reported to them, or they may classify some crimes differently to how victims or the public would classify them. For example, the police may classify a burglary as a theft, or they may not record a hate crime as such if they do not think it meets their definition of a hate crime.

3. What are some of the problems with using victim surveys to measure crime?

One problem with using victim surveys to measure crime is that people may not remember all of the crimes that they have been victims of, or they may not want to admit that they have been victims of certain types of crimes. Another problem is that different people may have different definitions of what constitutes a crime. For example, one person may consider shoplifting to be a minor offence while another person may consider it to be a serious offence.

4. What are some of the problems with using self-report studies to measure crime?

One problem with using self-report studies to measure crime is that people may not want to admit that they have committed certain types of crimes, or they may not remember all of the crimes that they have committed. Another problem is that different people may have different definitions of what constitutes a crime. For example, one person may consider shoplifting to be a minor offence while another person may consider it to be a serious offence.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

Due: October 21, 2018

1. What are the four types of crime?
2. What is the difference between a crime and a deviance?
3. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
4. What are the three components of the criminal justice system?
5. Who is responsible for enforcing the law?
6. Who decides whether a person will be charged with a crime?
7. Who decides whether a person is guilty or innocent?
8. How does the criminal justice system punish people who are convicted of crimes?
9. What is the difference between punishment and rehabilitation?
10. What is the difference between retribution and deterrence?
11. What is the difference between restorative justice and punitive justice?
12. Is there a difference between justice and fairness? If so, what is it?
13. Is the criminal justice system effective in deterring crime? Why or why not?
14. Is the criminal justice system effective in rehabilitatin

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Respond to the following discussion questions. Your initial post must be at least 200 words in length and utilize a minimum of two scholarly sources, cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Include specific examples from your research and reading to support your points.

1. Why is it difficult for experts to agree on what constitutes a hate crime? How do you think this affects the ability to study hate crimes?

2. What are some of the reasons that hate crimes are underreported?

3. How do you think different types of hate crimes should be addressed? Should they all be treated equally, or should some receive more attention than others? Explain your position.

DDPA 8137 Week 11 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is the most common type of violent crime?
2. How often do victims of violence tell the police?
3. What are the three types of rape?
4. Why is it difficult to estimate the number of rapes that occur each year?
5. What is the most common type of property crime?
6. How often do victims of property crimes report them to the police?
7. What are the two types of burglary?
8. Why is it difficult to estimate the number of burglaries that occur each year?
9. What is the most common type of motor vehicle theft?
10. How often are motor vehicle thefts reported to the police?
11. What are some common methods used by thieves to steal motor vehicles?
12. Why is it difficult to estimate the number of motor vehicle thefts that occur each year?
13. What is the most common type of arson?
14. How often are arsons reported to the police?
15. What are some common methods used by arsonists to start fires?
16. Why is it difficult to estimate the number of arsons that occur each year?
17. What is the most common type of white-collar crime?
18. How often are white-collar crimes reported to the police?
19. Why is it difficult to estimate the number of white-collar crimes that occur each year?

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Discussion Prompt: How can macro- and micro-level theories be used to explain crime patterns? What are some examples of how both types of theories have been used to explain crime patterns?

DDPA 8137 Week 11 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Choose one of the following questions to answer. Post your response to the discussion board. The initial post should be no less than 500 words in length, and all posts must use at least two outside references (cited in APA format).

1. How would you define and measure crime? What are some of the issues with this definition? For example, should white-collar crime be included? How about status offenses such as truancy or underage drinking?

2. How have sociological theories of crime and deviance evolved over time? What do you see as the most important theoretical perspectives currently?

3. In what ways has the study of criminology been influenced by other social sciences?

4. How do we explain variation in crime rates over time and across space? For example, why is crime generally higher in urban areas than rural areas? Why did crime rates spike in the 1990s and then fall again in the 2000s?

5. What are some of the key findings of victimization studies? How do they help us understand victimization risk and victimization patterns?

6. How do we explain criminal careers? That is, why do some offenders commit many crimes while others only commit a few (or none at all)?

7. What are some of the key findings of life-DDPA 8137 Course studies? How do they help us understand how criminal careers develop over time?

8. What are some of the major findings of routine activity theory? How does this theory help us understand crime patterns and victimization risk?

9. What are some of the key findings of rational choice theory? How does this theory help us understand criminal decision making and victimization risk?

10. What are some of the key findings of social learning theory? How does this theory help us understand criminal behavior and victimization risk?

DDPA 8137 Week 11 Quiz (20 Questions)

DDPA 8137 Course

Question 1 (1 point)

The term “classical school of criminology” refers to the early rational choice theories of crime and criminal justice.

Question 2 (1 point)

In general, an offender’s “risk” is: Question 2 options:

the probability that he or she will engage in criminal activity in the future.

the probability that he or she will be apprehended for a crime in the future.

the probability that a victim will report the offense to law enforcement agencies.

the likelihood that an offender who is caught and convicted will be sentenced to prison. Save question • Preview question • Edit question • Submit question • Skip question • Flag question ? 1 point Consider this scenario: In a study of delinquency and gangs, researchers observed that the average age of entry into gang membership is 15.5 years old. The researchers concluded from this finding that “juveniles are more likely to join gangs than adults because they are impulsive and therefore have less self-control than adults.” Is this research finding an example of causation? Question 3 options: Yes, since it establishes a causal relationship between two variables—age and gang membership No, since it only establishes a relationship between two variables—age and gang membership No, since causation cannot be established using observational research methods Yes, since age precedes gang membership Save question • Preview question • Edit question • Submit question • Skip question • Flag question ? 1 point The majority opinion in New York v. Quarles held that officers were justified in using deadly force because they were pursuing a suspect whom they reasonably believed had just raped a woman and was armed with a weapon at the time of the pursuit. Question 4 options: True False Save question • Preview question • Edit question • Submit question • Skip question • Flag…

DDPA 8137 Week 11 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following are characteristic of a predatory criminal?

A. the presence of mental illness

B. a violent criminal history

C. impulsivity and poor planning skills

D. All of the above

2. In which of the following countries is rape most common?

A. United States

B. Canada

C. Australia

D. South Africa

3. Which of the following is not one of the types of rape identified by the FBI?

A. date rape

B. prison rape

C. acquaintance rape

D. gang rape

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Description

Week 12: Final Exam

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Outline

In DDPA 8137 Course we will explore the nature of crime and criminology. We will begin by looking at how criminologists define crime, and how this definition has changed over time. We will then examine different theories of crime causation, including biological, psychological, sociological, and economic theories. We will also explore how these theories have been used to explain different types of crime, including violent crime, property crime, white-collar crime, and organized crime. Finally, we will discuss the role of the criminal justice system in responding to crime, and how this system has evolved over time.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Objectives

Students will become familiar with the major issues and debates in criminology. The DDPA 8137 Course will develop a comprehensive understanding of the structure and operation of the criminal justice system, including its processes, institutions and actors. Students will also consider how different theoretical perspectives inform our understanding of crime, criminal justice and victimization.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Pre-requisites

DDPA 8137 Course Description DDPA 8137 Course is the second in a two-part series that comprises the capstone requirement for all students seeking to earn a Doctor of Psychology degree. It addresses the theory and research pertaining to crime and criminology, with an emphasis on psychological principles and perspectives. Students will be asked to critically evaluate theory, research, and practice within the field of criminology, in order to develop well-reasoned theories of criminal behavior. In addition, they will be expected to reflect on their own clinical work with criminal justice populations in order to develop a personal synthesis of how psychological principles can best be used to understand criminal behavior and to promote positive change.

Required Textbook(s): E.R. Hickey (2013). Serial Murderers and their Victims. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co.; K. Peckover & S. Hope (Eds.) (2011). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct: A Treatable Offender Approach (4th Ed.). New York: Wiley-Blackwell; R.J. Gacano & D.A. Andrews (2012). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct: Theory, Research, and Practice (5th Ed.). New York: Routledge; D.A Stanko & T.S Waller (2008). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct: Theory, Research, and Practice (4th Ed.). New York: Routledge

Recommended Readings: Cote & Hodgins, Mental Disorder, Substance Abuse and Crime – Canada’s experience with Ontario’s mentally disordered offenders law, 1996-2000 Prentice Hall; Raine A., Brennen T., Buchsbaum M., et al., Psychophysiology of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy International Journal of Psychophysiology 2001 May; 42(1):1-27; Scott L., Hodgins S., Mentally Disordered Offenders Cambridge University Press 2000; Seagrave D., Grisso T., Adolescent psychopaths’ cognitive functioning American Journal of Psychiatry 1995 Nov; 152(11):1743-8

DDPA 8137 Course Learning Objectives : At the conclusion of DDPA 8137 Course students should be able to demonstrate knowledge about: 1) The major theoretical perspectives that have been used to explain why people engage in criminal conduct 2) The differences between primary and secondary psychopaths 3) The types of crimes that are most likely to be committed by psychopathic offenders 4) The efficacy of various treatment approaches for psychopathic offenders 5) How psychological principles can be used to prevent crime 6) How psychological principles can be used to rehabilitate criminals 7) How psychological principles can be used in victim services 8) How psychological principles can be used in offender management 9) How psychological principles can be used in sentencing 10) How psychological principles can be used in prison design 11) How psychological principles can be used in community supervision 12) How psychological principles can be used in reentry planning 13) What strategies psychologists might use if they were working as policy advisors at the local, state/provincial or federal level 14) What strategies psychologists might use if they were working as researchers at the local, state/provincial or federal level 15

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Duration

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Duration for DDPA 8138 – The Dynamics of Deviance (5 credits) (DDPA 8138)

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Duration for DDPA 8139 – Theories of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8139)

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Learning Outcomes

Unit 12 Learning Outcomes for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits)

By the end of this unit, students will be able to:

1. Understand the nature of crime and criminology.

2. Understand the various theories of crime and criminology.

3. Understand the research methods used in criminology.

4. Understand the policy implications of criminological research.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Assessment & Grading

DDPA 8137 Course is an online class that meets the requirements for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits). Students are required to complete all assignments and examinations as outlined in the syllabus. In order to successfully complete DDPA 8137 Course, students must earn a grade of “C” or better on all graded work.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Suggested Resources/Books

Please add resources that you recommend to the list below. Remember to indicate why you recommend this resource.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Assignment (20 Questions)

This assignment is worth a total of 100 points.

1. Define the concepts of legal and illegal. (2 points)

The concept of legal refers to anything that is allowed or approved by the law. The concept of illegal refers to anything that is not allowed or approved by the law.

2. What is meant by the term “crime”? (2 points)

A crime is an act that is punishable by law.

3. Name and briefly describe the two main types of crimes. (4 points)

There are two main types of crimes: felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are serious crimes that are punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or death. Misdemeanors are less serious crimes that are punishable by imprisonment for less than one year or a fine.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. How can we explain the variations in crime rates between different countries?

2. Why is it difficult to compare crime rates between different countries?

3. How can we explain the variations in crime rates over time?

4. What are some of the main methods used to measure crime?

5. What are some of the main problems with using official crime statistics?

6. What is self-report data? How is it used in criminological research?

7. What are some of the main advantages and disadvantages of using self-report data?

8. What is victimization data? How is it used in criminological research?

9. What are some of the main advantages and disadvantages of using victimization data?

10. What is official data? How is it used in criminological research?

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

This week’s discussion will focus on the following topics:

The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) (DDPA 8137)

1. What is criminology? What are its goals?

2. How does criminology differ from other social sciences?

3. What is the relationship between crime and deviance?

4. What is the difference between criminal law and criminology?

5. What are the different schools of thought in criminology?

6. What are some of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology?

7. What are some of the major methodological approaches in criminology?

8. What are some of the major research methods in criminology?

9. What are some of the major issues in criminology?

10. What are some of the major debates in criminology?

DDPA 8137 Week 12 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

(DDPA8137)

DDPA 8137 Course was previously titled “Nature of Crime and Criminology.”

This is a 5-credit online DDPA 8137 Course that examines the major concepts, theories, and research findings in the field of criminology. It also discusses the practical applications of criminological knowledge. The topics include an overview of the criminal justice system; crime statistics; victimization; fear of crime; types of crime; explaining crime; homicide; robbery; burglary; theft; auto theft; organized crime; corruption; white-collar crime; public order crimes; sex-related crimes and victimization (including rape, child sexual abuse, prostitution, pornography); violence against women; domestic violence; gangs and juvenile delinquency. Theories covered include biological/genetic, psychological/psychodynamic, sociological/learning/social process, labeling/conflict/strain/social disorganization, social control/social learning/social bonding, routine activities, opportunity structure theory and self-control theory. In DDPA 8137 Course students will be asked to analyze how different theories explain criminal behavior as well as critically evaluate these theories by examining the strengths and weaknesses of each theory.

Discussion Questions (20)

1. Discuss the various factors that contribute to a person’s level of self-control. What do you think is the most important factor? Why?

2. Compare and contrast the biological and psychological explanations of crime. Which do you think is more convincing? Why?

3. Discuss the various sociological explanations of crime. Which do you think is most convincing? Why?

4. Compare and contrast strain theory and social disorganization theory. Which do you think does a better job of explaining crime? Why?

5. Discuss the various control theories of crime. Which do you think is most convincing? Why?

6. What do you think are the most important findings of routine activities theory? Do you think this theory does a good job of explaining crime? Why or why not?

7. What do you think are the most important findings of opportunity structure theory? Do you think this theory does a good job of explaining crime? Why or why not?

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Description

In this discussion you will select 10 questions from the list below, answer them in a well thought out and organized manner and post your responses to this forum. Be sure to support your answers with sources as appropriate. Remember to cite any sources you use in APA format. You should be able to easily find the page number(s) for your answers by using the document navigator on the left-hand side of your screen. Include your response to each question along with the corresponding question number (1-20).

DDPA 8137 Week 12 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

**Due Sunday July 29th 2018 at 11:59pm (Eastern Time)**

**The Nature of Crime and Criminology**

**DDPA 8137 Week 12 DQ 2 (20 Questions)**

You are required to complete a short quiz based on this week’s required readings. The quiz will be graded as part of your participation grade. Read the instructions below carefully and be sure to respond to all questions. Please note that this quiz is due before you post in the discussion forum for this week.

Instructions:

For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices given. Be sure to respond to all 20 questions. When you have completed the quiz, click on the “Submit Quiz” button at the bottom of this page.

Good Luck!

DDPA 8137 Week 12 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1 1. In 2011, the ____________ was the most common cause of death for correctional officers.

a) Suicide

b) Cancer

c) Disease/illness

d) Assault by inmate

Question 2 2. Which of the following factors is NOT a risk factor for suicide?

a) Female gender: Males are three to four times more likely to commit suicide than females. Females are two times more likely to attempt suicide than males. Men are twice as likely as women to die by suicide because they use deadlier means. Male and female rates have been stable since 1993. Male rates have declined by 12% since 1980, while female rates have increased by 4%. b) Depression: Symptoms of depression include sadness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed, weight changes, sleeping too much or too little, energy changes, irritability, Guilt feelings, worthlessness or hopelessness. c) Hopelessness: People with serious depression feel hopeless about the future and their lives as a whole. This may be accompanied by feelings that life is not worth living and that death would be a welcome release from their mental pain and suffering. d) Stressful life events: Events such as divorce or job loss may trigger a suicide attempt in someone who is already feeling depressed or hopeless. e) Previous attempt: Having made a previous suicide attempt is one of the strongest predictors of later completed suicide. f) Family history: Family history plays a role in many psychiatric disorders including mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders g) Mental illness: Over 90% of people who die by suicide have a mental illness at the time of their death (usually depression). Mental illness includes both psychiatric disorders (e.g., major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, alcohol dependence) and medical illnesses that can affect thinking (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). h) Access to lethal means: People who are considering suicide are more likely to succeed if they have access to firearms or other lethal means (e.g., drugs). i) Alcohol abuse: People who abuse alcohol are at increased risk for completed suicide. j) Unemployment: Suicide rates are higher among unemployed persons than employed persons k) Chronic physical illness: People with chronic physical illnesses such as cancer or heart disease are at increased risk for completed suicide l) Imprisonment m) Being single n) Widowed status o) Having no religious affiliation p) Being divorced q) Having financial problems r) Being born outside of the United States s) Having health insurance t) Being African American u) Religion v)? w)? x)? y)? z)? Question 3 3.? Why did Durkheim believe that deviance is an integral part of society? Which theory best explains Durkheim’s views? Explain your answer.? a)? b)? c)? d)? e)? f)? g)? h)? i)? j)? k)? l)? m)? n)? o)? p)? q)? r?) s?) t?) u?) v?) w?) x?) y?) z?) Question 4 4.? Why did Merton develop his strain theory? What did Merton argue about deviance? How does Merton’s theory explain drug use? Does Merton’s theory explain all types of deviance? Why or why not?? a.) Merton developed his strain theory because he believed that anomie was caused by social structures rather than individual pathologies.? He argued that deviance is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? He also argued that drug use is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? Merton’s theory does not explain all types of deviance because it only explains deviance that is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? b.) Merton developed his strain theory because he believed that anomie was caused by social structures rather than individual pathologies.? He argued that deviance is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? He also argued that drug use is NOT caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? Merton’s theory does not explain all types of deviance because it only explains deviance that is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? c.) Merton developed his strain theory because he believed that anomie was NOT caused by social structures rather than individual pathologies.? He argued that deviance is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? He also argued that drug use IS caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? Merton’s theory does not explain all types of deviance because it only explains deviance that is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? d.) Merton developed his strain theory because he believed that anomie was NOT caused by social structures rather than individual pathologies.? He argued that deviance is NOT caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? He also argued that drug use IS caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goals.? Merton’s theory DOES explain all types of deviance because it only explains deviance that is caused by the gap between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve those goalse.) None of these answers are correct Question 5 5.? What two things did Cohen argue lead to status frustration?? How does Cohen’s theory explain delinquency?? Does Cohen’s theory explain all types of delinquency?? Why or why not??? a.) Cohen argued that status frustration leads to delinquency because people with low status are more likely to be frustrated with their position in society and more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.? Cohen’s theory does not explain all types of delinquency because it only explains delinquency that is caused by status frustration.; b.) Cohen argued that status frustration leads to delinquency because people with low status are less likely to be frustrated with their position in society and less likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.. Cohen’s theory does not explain all types of delinquency because it only explains delinquency that is NOT caused by status frustration.; c.) Cohen argued that status frustration leads to delinquency because people with high status are more likely to be frustrated with their position in society and more likely to engage in delinquent behaviors.. Cohen’s theory does not explain all types of delinquency because it only explains delinquency; d.) Cohen argued thatstatus frustration leads topositive outcomes suchas increased self-esteemand lower ratesof crimeand violencebecause peoplewho feel goodaboutthemselvesare lesslikelyto engagein criminalor violentbehaviors; e.) Noneof these answersare correct Question 6 6.. Whatfour thingsdid Clowardand Ohlinargue ledto differentialopportunity?? Whichof Clowardand Ohlin’sthreetheoriesbestexplainsthe relationshipbetweenpovertyand crime??Explainyouranswer??? a.). Clowardand Ohlinarguedthat differentialopportunityleads topovertybecausepeoplewho havefewer opportunitysto legittimatelyobtainwealthare morelikelytoparticipatein criminalactivities.;b.). Clowardand Ohlinarguedthat differentialopportunityleads topovertybecausepeoplewho havefewer opportunitysto legittimatelyobtainwealthare lesslikelytoparticipatein criminalactivities.;c.). Clowardand Ohlinarguedthat differentialopportunityleads toprosperitybecausepeoplewho havefewer opportunitysto legittimatelyobtainwealthare morelikelytoparticipatein criminalactivities.;d.). Clowardand Ohlinarguedthat differentialopportunityleads toprosperitybecausepeoplewho havefewer opportunitysto legittimatelyobtainwealthare lesslikelytoparticipatein criminalactivities;e.). Allof theseanswersaretruewhichwouldexplainthe relationshipbetweenpovertyand crime;f.). Someoftheseanswersaretruewhichwouldexplainthe relationshipbetweenpovertyand crimebut someoftheseanswersarenottrue whichwouldnotexplainthe relationshipbetweenpovertyand crime;g.). Noneofthese answersaretruewhichwouldnotexplainthe relationshipbetweenpovertyand crime Question 7 7.. Whatwas Hirschi’scontroltheorybasedon?? Howdoes Hirschi’scontroltheoryexplaincrime??DoesHirschi’scontroltheoryexplainalltypesofcrime???Whyor whynot???a.). Hirschi’scontroltheorywas basedonBiologicalTheoriesofCrime;b.). Hirschi’scontroltheorywas basedonPsychologicalTheoriesofCrime;c.). Hirschi’scontroltheorywas basedonSociologicalTheoriesofCrime;d.). Hirschi’scontroltheorywas basedonBiologicalTheoriesofPersonality;e). Hirschi’scontroltheorywas based onalloftheabovewhich wouldmakeit valid;f). Noneoftheabovewhichwouldmakeithighlyquestionable Question 8 8.. Whatdid Banduraarguewas amajorsourceoffrustrationfor adolescents???Howdoes Bandura’sSocialLearningTheoryexplaincrime???DoesBandura’sSocialLearningTheoryexplainalltypesofcrime???Whyor whynot???a). BandurabELIEVEDthatthedelinquentbehaviorswerelearnedfrom observingthesamesortsofbehaviorsin othersby eitherdirectreinforcementorvicariousreinforcement.

DDPA 8137 Week 12 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following is NOT a theory of deviance?

A. FunctionalismB. Conflict theoryC. Symbolic InteractionismD. Labeling theoryE. Social control theory

2. The functionalist perspective argues that deviance is essential for:

A. The maintenance of social orderB. The perpetuation of unequal social relationsC. Social changeD. None of the above3. According to symbolic interactionism, the meaning of an act depends on:A. The motivation behind itB. How other people react to itC. The consequences it producesD. All of the above4. The labeling theory posits that:A. People engage in deviant behavior because they are labeled as deviantsB. Social groups define what acts are considered deviantC. Deviance is relative to time and placeD. All of the above5. Strain theories focus on:A. How people are motivated to engage in deviant behaviorB. How unequal social relations produce devianceC. Why some people are more likely than others to be labeled as deviantsD. None of the above6. Anomie refers to:A. A state where norms and values become confused or unclearB. A state where inequality leads to competition and conflictC . A state where unequal social relations lead to crime and devianceD . None of the above7 . Merton’s theory was an attempt to explain:A . Why some people engage in illegal activity while others do notB . Why some people engage in innovative activity while others do notC . Why some people engage in nonconformist activity while others do notD . None of the above8 . Cohen’s subcultural theory explains why:A . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to delinquencyB . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to conventional activitiesC . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to crimeD . None of the above9 . Cloward and Ohlin’s subcultural theory explains why:A . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to delinquencyB . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to conventional activitiesC . Some young men from lower class backgrounds turn to crimeD . None of the above10 . Which sociological perspective would be MOST likely to argue that povertycauses crime?A . FunctionalismB . Conflict theoryC . Symbolic interactionismD . Labeling theoryE11 _______Theories focus on explaining how unequal social relations produce crimeand deviance?A) Structural-functionalism B) Interactionist C) Social-conflict D) Strain E)Subcultural 12 _______Theory attempts to explain why some people engage in criminal orotherwise deviant behavior while others do not? A) Structural-functionalism B)Interactionist C) Social-conflict D) Strain E) Subcultural 13 ___________examines howthe criminal justice system reacts to crime and criminals? A) Structuralfunctionalism B) Interactionist C) Social-conflict D) Strain E) Subcultural 14__________Theory focuses on explaining how unequal social relations producecrime and deviance? A) Structural-functionalism B) Interactionist C) Socialconflict D) Strain E) Subcultural 15 ___________Theory looks at how informaland formal controls influence whether or not someone will commit a crime orengage in other types of deviant behavior? A ) Structural-functionalism B )Interactionist C ) Social-conflict D ) Strain E ) Subcultural 16 Accordingto __________Theory, criminal and deviant behavior results whenpeople cannot achieve their goals through legitimate means? A )Structuralfunctionalism B ) Interactionist C ) Social-conflict D ) Strain E )Subcultural 17 Accordingto __________Theory, criminal and other types of deviantbehavior result when there is a gap between cultural goals and the meansavailable for achieving those goals? A ) Structural-functionalism B )Interactionist C ) Social-conflict D ) Strain E ) Subcultural 18Theterm ________refers to a state where norms and values become confusedor unclear? A ) Anomie B ) Deviance C ) Crime D ) Legitimacy E19Accordingto Merton, most people respond to anomie by adopting one ormore of the following strategies EXCEPT: AConformity BRetreatism CDeviation DM innovation20Innovationis defined as: ADelinquent behavior that does not involve violenceBCriminal behavior that does involve violenceCDelinquent behavior that does involve violenceDCriminal behavior that does not involve violence

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Description

DDPA 8137 Course takes a sociological approach to crime and criminology. It begins with a review of various theoretical approaches to understanding crime. The focus then turns to an examination of the relationship between crime, criminals and society. This includes a consideration of the impact that economic and social factors have on crime rates and patterns as well as how societal responses to crime shape our understanding of criminal behaviour. The DDPA 8137 Course will also examine issues related to victimization and victimology, as well as the role that law enforcement plays in shaping our perceptions of criminal activity.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Outline

This week we examine the nature of crime and criminology. We begin with a review of the major schools of thought within criminology, and then examine the concept of crime. We also explore the major types of crimes, as well as the victimization process. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the criminal justice system and its impact on society.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Objectives

DDPA 8137 Course will provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the nature of crime and criminology, with an emphasis on how to apply this knowledge to public policy. It will begin with a review of the history of criminology, followed by an examination of the major theories of crime and delinquency. The DDPA 8137 Course will then explore how these theories can be used to understand specific types of crime, including violence, property crime, white-collar crime, and organized crime. The DDPA 8137 Course will also examine the role of the criminal justice system in responding to crime and the impact of public policy on crime and victimization. Finally, the DDPA 8137 Course will discuss recent trends in crime and victimization, as well as emerging issues in criminology.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Pre-requisites

None

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Duration

Week 13 of the DDPA 8137 Course is dedicated to a review of the material covered in previous weeks and a preparation for the final exam.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Learning Outcomes

By the end of DDPA 8137 Course, students will be able to:

1. Understand and analyze the nature of crime and criminology;

2. Understand and analyze the theoretical explanations of criminal behavior;

3. Understand and analyze the empirical evidence on crime and criminal behavior;

4. Understand and analyze the policy implications of crime and criminal behavior; and,

5. Understand and analyze the ethical considerations associated with crime and criminal behavior.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Assessment & Grading

Please review the information below prior to beginning your assessment.

DDPA 8137 Course Description

DDPA 8137 Course focuses on theories of crime and criminology, including the structure and function of law, criminal justice agencies, and systems. Students explore how various psychological and sociological factors impact human behavior, as well as how social norms influence moral judgment. Specific topics include: theories of crime and deviance; criminal justice institutions; punishment; victimology; white-collar crime; organized crime; terrorism; and critical perspectives on crime, criminals, and criminal justice. DDPA 8137 Course is designed for students who wish to enter a career in law enforcement or public administration, or those interested in pursuing a degree in criminology.

DDPA 8137 Course Objectives

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Suggested Resources/Books

DDPA 8137 Course explores the nature of crime, including the purposes and methods of criminal law, criminological theories, and research. It also examines how these concepts are applied to contemporary social problems related to crime, such as victimization and fear of crime, street gangs, hate crimes, public order offenses, and white-collar crimes. Prerequisites: DDPA 8100 or DDPA 8200.

DDPA 8137 Course Resources

Cicourel, A. (1968). The Social Organization of Juvenile Justice. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Cullen, F. T., & Agnew, R. (Eds.). (2007). Criminological theory: Past to present – essential readings (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company.

Davies, G., Francis, B., & Grundy, Q. (2000). The Sociology of Crime and Deviance. Buckingham: Open University Press.

Eck, J., & Weisburd, D. (1995). Crime and place:crime hot spots in residential environments. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press/Willow Tree Press.

Felson, M., & Messner, S. F. (1997). Violence as theft: A new theory of the geography of crime . In M. Felson & S. F. Messner (Eds.), Violence as theft: A new theory of the geography of crime . Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc..

Gottfredson, M., & Hirschi, T.(1990). A general theory of crime . Stanford: Stanford University Press..

Kelling, G., & Wilson , J.(1982). Broken windows: The police and neighborhood safety . Atlantic Monthly , 29-38..

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Assignment (20 Questions)

INSTRUCTIONS

For this assignment, you are required to answer 20 multiple-choice questions. You will have 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete the assignment. Please note that you must complete all questions in one sitting. It is highly recommended that you complete the questions in the order they are presented (i.e., question #1 first, question #2 second, etc.)

There are 4 possible answers for each question: A, B, C or D. Choose the best answer to each question by marking the appropriate letter on your answer sheet. Be sure to fill in your name, student number and section at the top of your answer sheet (provided with this assignment). Mark your answers carefully and completely; do not erase or cross out any wrong answers. If you change your mind about an answer, simply circle the letter of the new choice.

The 20 questions on this assignment cover material from Chapter 12 (Violent Crime), Chapter 13 (Property Crime) and Chapter 14 (White Collar Crime) of your textbook: Piers Beirne & James W. Messerschmidt (Eds.) 2011, The Nature of Crime: Continuity and Change (3rd edition). New York: Oxford University Press. Chapters 12-14 may be accessed through Learning Catalytics or on Blackboard under “DDPA 8137 Course Content” at https://learn2.uregina.ca/webapps/blackboard/content/listContentEditable.jsp?content_id=_551206_1&DDPA 8137 Course_id=_180711_1&mode=reset . It is imperative that you refer to these chapters when completing this assignment as a significant portion of your grade will be based on your understanding of key concepts discussed in these chapters as well as other chapters throughout the semester. The questions are based directly on information contained in these chapters and therefore it is expected that you will use this chapter material when responding to these questions; simply referencing “the textbook” without referring specifically to each chapter will not receive credit. Furthermore, while it is understood that this text contains a large amount of detail which cannot be completely covered in one semester DDPA 8137 Course, I would caution against using resources outside of those provided in this text when answering these questions as other resources such as internet sources typically focus primarily on recent events and trends instead of providing a more comprehensive overview which allows for a broader understanding of crime and its nature over time as well as its current trends within society today and likely into the future with regards to contemporary issues within society . Furthermore, much attention has been given during our weekly discussions regarding how academia differs from mass media sources such as television shows such as Criminal Minds or CSI where fictional crimes are investigated often by characters who employ techniques which do not necessarily reflect reality but rather provide for entertainment purposes only; therefore it is important that you focus primarily on academic references when responding to these types of questions where we are asking you to explore both historical trends related to specific types of crime(s) but also how such trends relate to current contemporary issues within society today along with likely future changes associated with various contemporary issues impacting society’s perception(s) related to various types of crime(s). While there may be some overlap between information presented here versus information available elsewhere, I would caution against relying too heavily on external sources outside our DDPA 8137 Course materials due to different goals associated with academic research versus entertainment related media sources outside our class discussions/readings; therefore relying solely on external sources outside our DDPA 8137 Course material will likely result in incorrect responses since we are asking for a specific type of response based directly on information learned through our class discussions along with specific reading materials provided throughout our DDPA 8137 Course designed specifically for students taking criminology DDPA 8137 Courses similar to ours where we examine historical changes associated with specific types of crime(s) versus what occurs during fictional portrayal(s) associated with similar crimes shown regularly via popular entertainment mediums such as television shows like Criminal Minds . Please note that one mark will be deducted from your total score for each wrong answer; there is no penalty for unanswered questions so if you are unsure about an answer simply leave it blank instead of guessing an incorrect response since there is no penalty for unanswered questions! Good luck!

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

DDPA 8137 Course focuses on the concepts of crime, criminals, victims and criminal justice. The various theories of crime causation are explored. The nature and extent of crime in Canada is studied as well as the responses to crime. Students will examine the process from apprehension to sentencing, with emphasis on the Crown’s role. The operation and effectiveness of different sectors of the criminal justice system will be examined in light of both theory and research evidence.

1. What are some of the ways in which criminologists have defined crime?

2. What are some of the main goals of criminology?

3. What are some of the main methods used by criminologists to study crime?

4. What is victimology? What are some of the main goals of victimology?

5. What are some of the main methods used by victimologists to study victimization?

6. What is criminal justice? What are some of the main goals of criminal justice?

7. What are some of the main methods used by criminal justice practitioners to respond to crime?

8. How do criminologists measure crime? What are some of the limitations of existing measures of crime?

9. How does victimization vary across different types of victims and contexts?

10. How do offenders vary across different types of crimes and contexts?

11. How effective are different criminal justice responses in deterring crime and protecting victims?

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Chapter 10, 11, 12, 13

• Lesson
• Introduction to Criminological Theory (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site.
• Crime Causation: Sociological Theories (Links to an external site.) Links to an external site.
• Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction (10th ed.) by Frank Schmalleger. (2015) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall – Available through the online bookstore.

1. What are the four major theoretical traditions in criminology? Give a brief description of each and provide an example of how each might explain crime/deviance.

The four major theoretical traditions in criminology are positivism, classicalism, social constructionism, and critical theory. Positivism is based on the idea that there is an objective reality that can be measured and studied scientifically. Classicalism is based on the idea that people have free will and make choices about whether or not to commit crimes. Social constructionism is based on the idea that crime is a social construct and that what is considered to be a crime varies from culture to culture. Critical theory is based on the idea that crime is a result of inequality and social injustice.

DDPA 8137 Week 13 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is crime? How do we define it?

2. What is criminology? What are its goals?

3. Who commits crime? Why do they do it?

4. How does the criminal justice system work?

5. How effective is the criminal justice system in reducing crime?

6. What are some of the major theoretical perspectives in criminology?

7. What is victimization? Who are the victims of crime?

8. How can we prevent crime?

9. What are some of the major issues and debates in criminology?

10. What direction do you see criminology going in the future?

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Week 13 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for DDPA 8137 – The Nature of Crime and Criminology (5 credits) This week we will be discussing a recent article from the Washington Post entitled “The Number of Black Men Exonerated in 2016 Was Larger Than the Entire NYPD” The article can be found here: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/01/03/the-number-of-black-men-exonerated-in-2016-was-larger-than-the-entire-nypd/?utm_term=.76f7945c7e1d Please address the following questions: 1) What is your reaction to the article? 2) Do you think this is an isolated incident or is this indicative of a larger problem? 3) How do you think this affects public perception of law enforcement? 4) What do you think can be done to improve the situation? 5) How do you think this affects race relations in America?

DDPA 8137 Week 13 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What is organized crime? What are some examples of organized crime? How can we tell if a group or organization is involved in organized crime? How does organized crime differ from white-collar crime?

DDPA 8137 Week 13 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1:

When did the earliest scientific studies of crime and criminals begin?

Question 2:

Which of the following is NOT a general trait shared by virtually all scientists?

Question 3:

Which of the following is NOT an element of science?

Question 4:

What is the term for an explanation that has withstood scientific testing over time?

Question 5:

DDPA 8137 Week 13 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1) Crime is __________.

a) a violation of the law

b) an act that results in physical or psychological harm to an individual or society

c) a threat to the safety of an individual or society

d) a social problem

2) Which of the following is not considered to be a victimless crime?

a) prostitution

b) gambling

c) drug use

d) murder

3) The __________ theory suggests that people engage in criminal behavior because they believe that they will benefit from it in some way.

a) Rational Choice theory

b) Social Control theory

c) Deterrence theory

d) Strain theory

4) __________ refers to the ways in which people learn to conform to the norms and values of their culture.

a) Socialization

b) Differential Association Theory c) Social Control Theory d) Strain Theory e) Anomie

5) The __________ perspective on crime focuses on the ways in which the criminal justice system responds to crime.

a) sociological perspective b) psychological perspective c ) legal perspective d ) criminological perspective e ) biological perspective f ) labeling perspective g ) victimization perspective h ) feminist perspective i ) social constructionist perspective j ) postmodernist perspective k ) critical race theory l ) queer theory m ) post-colonial theory n ) global/transnational perspective o ) media/representation perspective p ) human rights perspective q ) left realist perspective r ) right realist perspective s ) green criminology t ) indigenous criminology u ) peacemaking criminology v ) white-collar criminology w ) hate crime x .) state crime y .) war crime z .) terrorism aa .) environmental crime ab .) cybercrime ac .) organized crime ad .) juvenile delinquency ae .) violent crime af .) property crime ag .) corporate crime ah .) public order offenses

DDPA 8137 Course is a 5 credit hour DDPA 8137 Course. DDPA 8137 Course covers the nature of crime and criminology. The topics include: the definition of crime, theories of crime causation, victimization, fear of crime, criminal justice responses to crime (including policing, courts, and corrections), and social policy responses to crime.